scholarly journals Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2017, 10, 18—Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections—Muscle Innervation Zone Targeting Revisited

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Kaymak ◽  
Fevziye Malas ◽  
Murat Kara ◽  
Arzu On ◽  
Levent Özçakar
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Motor Point ◽  
Innervation Zone ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Motor End Plate ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Recently, the importance of targeting structures during botulinum neurotoxin applications has been discussed in a variety of disorders, including spasticity and dystonia. In this respect, the advantages of ultrasound imaging to traditional techniques have been emphasized. We would like underscore the importance of ultrasound guidance, with targeting innervation zone(s) of the over-active muscles to achieve effective clinical outcomes. Additionally, we also clarify the difference between the terms—innervation zone (motor end plate) and motor point—which have been used by the authors as if they were the same. Further, we disagree with the authors about the intramuscular botulinum neurotoxin application techniques i.e., in-plane vs. out-of-plane whereby the former is, for sure, superior.

scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2018, 10, 18—Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Katharine Alter ◽  
Barbara Karp
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

We thank the authors for their detailed letter and salient comments related to our article on Ultrasound Guidance for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections.[...]

scholarly journals Effect on the bactericidal device for decontamination the air microorganisms in poultry house on the content of toxic gases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A. P. Palii ◽  
O. V. Nanka ◽  
Y. O. Kovalchuk ◽  
A. O. Kovalchuk ◽  
V. S. Kalabska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rational Construction

Litter in the poultry house is a source of toxic gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide), dust, and is a favourable place for the life and reproduction of microorganisms and helminths. The number of these secretions in the poultry house depends on many factors: the sanitary status of the poultry house, the species, the age of the birds, the microclimate, the season, feeding conditions, and so on. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the rational construction and modes of operation of the device for the decontamination of microorganisms in the air of the poultry house on the basis of the use of sources of ultraviolet irradiation. The necessity of development and application techniques for cage batteries with a litter removal belt system which provide reduction of microbial contamination of air in poultry houses and the content of harmful gases in it have been substantiated. The device was developed and the effective mode of disinfection of the air of the poultry house in the collector air duct of the litter drying system based on the use of sources of ultraviolet irradiation was determined. The application of the bactericidal device made it possible to reduce microbial air contamination on the 1st day of accumulation of the litter during the cold season - by 2.6 times, in the transitional season - by 2.1 times; on 5th day, the accumulation of the litter decreased by 3.0 and 2.3 times, respectively. During the operation of the air irradiation system, the content of toxic gases in it decreased compared to the period when the air was not treated with the ultraviolet irradiation - ammonia by 19.7% and carbon dioxide by 5.9%. The absolute values of microbial air contamination in the poultry house and the toxic gas content in the transitional season were lower than in the cold season, due to the higher indoor air exchange and the increase of clean outside air in the proportion. The difference in microbial air contamination between the basic and the proposed variants in the cold and transitional seasons was statistically significant.

Deformation of Perforated Aluminium Plates under In-Plane Compressive Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Irene Scheperboer ◽  
Evangelos Efthymiou ◽  
Johan Maljaars
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Buckling Load ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Critical Buckling Load ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ultimate Resistance ◽  
Multiple Holes

Aluminium plates containing a single hole or multiple holes in a row are recently becoming very popular among architects and consultant engineers in many constructional applications, due to their reduced weight, as well as facilitating ventilation and light penetration of the buildings. However, there are still uncertainties concerning their structural behaviour, preventing them from wider utilization. In the present paper, local buckling phenomenon of perforated aluminium plates has been studied using the finite element method. For the purposes of the research work, plates with simply supported edges in the out-of-plane direction and subjected to uniaxial compression are examined. In view of perforations, circular cut-outs and the total cut-out size has been varied between 5 and 40% of the total plate area. Moreover, different perforation patterns have been investigated, from a single, central cut-out to a more refined pattern consisting of up to 25 holes equally distributed over the plate. Regarding the material characteristics, several aluminium alloys are considered and compared to steel grade A36 on plates of different slenderness. For each case the critical (Euler) buckling load and the ultimate resistance has been determined.A study into the boundary conditions of the plate showed that the restrictions at the edges parallel to the load direction have a large influence on the critical buckling load. Restraining the top or bottom edge does not significantly influence the resistance of the plate.The results showed that the ultimate resistance of aluminium plates containing multiple holes occurs at considerably larger out-of-plane displacement as that of full plates. For very large total cut-out, a plate containing a central hole has a larger resistance than a plate with equal cut-out percentage but with multiple holes. The strength and deformation in the post-critical regime, i.e. the difference between the critical buckling load and the ultimate resistance, differs significantly for different number of holes and cut-out percentage.

scholarly journals Management of cervical dystonia with botulinum neurotoxins and EMG/ultrasound guidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Castagna ◽  
Alberto Albanese
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
Neck Anatomy ◽  
Us Findings

Purpose of reviewWe provide a practical guide on the use of electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound (US) to assist botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment in patients with cervical dystonia (CD).Recent findingsUS and EMG guidance improve BoNT treatment in CD. Their use is particularly valuable for targeting deep neck muscles and managing complex cases. There is also evidence that adverse events are reduced when superficial or intermediate layer muscles are injected with assisted guidance.SummaryA structured clinical approach, based on functional neck anatomy, guides CD assessment and BoNT treatment. Muscles are selected according to clinical, EMG and US findings. US provides anatomical visualization, while EMG complements by detecting muscle activity. We review here the current practice for assisted treatment of CD through BoNT cycles. We also describe how to recognize and manage the main adverse events.

Comparison of Failure Modes of Piping Systems With Wall Thinning Subjected to In-Plane, Out-of-Plane and Mixed Mode Bending Under Seismic Load: An Experimental Approach

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakamura ◽  
Akihito Otani ◽  
Masaki Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
The Difference

In order to investigate the influence of degradation on the dynamic behavior and failure modes of piping systems with local wall thinning, shake table tests using 3-D piping system models were conducted. About 50% full circumferential wall thinning at elbows was considered in the test. Three types of models were used in the shake table tests. The difference of the models was the applied bending direction to the thinned wall elbow. The bending direction considered in the tests was either of the in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending, or mixed bending of the in-plane and out-of-plane. These models were excited under the same input acceleration until failure occurred. Through these tests, the vibration characteristic and failure modes of piping models with wall thinning under seismic load were obtained. The test results showed that the out-of-plane bending is not significant for a sound elbow, but should be considered for a thinned wall elbow, because the life of piping models with wall thinning subjected to out-of-plane bending may reduce significantly.

scholarly journals A proposed novel ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy technique - the in-plane wire-in-needle approach: study design and rationale for multicenteric randomized controlled clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mariam A. Alansari ◽  
Fadi Al-Jamaan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Dilatational Tracheostomy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
The Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>The current evidence regarding the applications of Ultra Sound (US) in Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT) is encouraging. US guided PDT (US-PDT) has recently been recommended in difficult cases and is given a preference compared to bronchoscope guided PDT. The question on the difference in safety and efficacy of the different approaches in US-PDT (with or without the use of any technique to improve needle visualization) during US-PDT and whether it is likely to make a difference needs to be answered.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>Literatures examining the different US-PDT approaches as well as whether any technique to improving needle visualization that has been used during US-PDT in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBAS E, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for in an attempt to answer the two questions raised. No study has yet compared the in plane to the out of plane approach for US-PDT nor looked at improving needle visualization during US-PDT. This raised the need for a clinical trial looking at the difference between the different US-PDT approaches with or without ways to improve needle visualization during US-PDT.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Utilizing the best available evidence in US guided procedures in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), we proposed a study design that we think is likely to make a difference in US-PDT practice. The study is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of US guided PDT using the in-plane (I.P.) approach enhanced with the use of Wire-in-needle approach (W.I.N.A) and rocking motion of the transducer compared to the traditional out-of-plane approach without W.I.N.A.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> The proposed (In-plane Wire-In-needle approach = I.P.W.I.N.A) as a potential to be a standard of care in US-PDT has its own limitations. Its safety, efficacy and feasibility in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials research settings needs to be tested and verified.</span></p>

Internal Mammarial Lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT after Ultrasound-Guided Injection of 99mTc-Dextran

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ünlü ◽  
H. Alanyali ◽  
O. Akhan ◽  
F.C. Bekdik ◽  
T.M. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
The Difference ◽  
99Mtc Dextran

Twenty-two women with stage II or III breast cancer were evaluated by SPECT to determine the number, size, three-dimensional localization and depth from skin surface of the internal mammary lymph nodes for accurate radiotherapy portal planning. The results were also compared with those of planar imaging (PI). Two-step injections of 99mTc-dextran were made under ultrasound guidance into the anterior sheath of the M. rectus abdominis first at the ablation side. 1.5 h thereafter an anterior planar view was obtained to evaluate cross drainage (13.6% was observed). Then, the second injection was done at the opposite side in the same manner. Planar and tomographic images were obtained 1.5 h after the second injection. Similar values were obtained for the depth from skin surface, distance from the midline and diameter of the lymph nodes with both PI and SPECT. The total number of nodes in 22 patients detected by SPECT was higher (138) than that from PI (129), the difference being statistically significant (0.005 > p >0.0005).

scholarly journals Study of Azimuthal Anisotropy of High-pT Charged Particles in Au Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV with RHIC-PHENIX

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Risa Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Quark Gluon Plasma ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Azimuthal Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropy Coefficient ◽  
Phenix Experiment ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
200 Gev ◽  
The Difference

We study the path length dependence of energy-loss in the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) by measuring the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient and transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra for charged hadrons in Au + Au at s N N = 200 GeV at the RHIC-PHENIX experiment. To estimate the strength of the energy-loss as a function of p T , we use the Δ p T which is the difference of p T which provide the same yields at in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The results indicate that there are different structures between low- p T and high- p T regions. At high- p T , the size of Δ p T increases as the centrality goes up. We also calculate the difference of the path length of in-plane and out-of-plane directions for each centrality. The difference of the path length increases along with the centrality and the tendency is the same with the Δ p T results.

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