Total Dietary Intake and Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and Fuminisins of Children in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

The health burden of foodborne mycotoxins is considerable, but particularly for children due to their lower detoxification capacity, rapid growth and high intake of food in proportion to their weight. Through a Total Dietary Study approach, the objective was to estimate the dietary exposure and health risk caused by mycotoxins for children under 5 years living in the Lao Cai province in northern Vietnam. A total of 40 composite food samples representing 1008 individual food samples were processed and analyzed by ELISA for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and fumonisins. Results showed that dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and total fumonisins were 118.7 ng/kgbw/day, 52.6 ng/kg bw/day and 1250.0 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Using a prevalence of hepatitis of 1%, the risk of liver cancer related to exposure of aflatoxin B1 was 12.1 cases/100,000 individual/year. Age-adjusted margin of exposure (MOE) of renal cancer associated with ochratoxin A was 127, while MOE of liver cancer associated with fumonisins was 542. Antropometric data show that 50.4% (60/119) of children were stunted, i.e. height/length for age z-scores (HAZ) below –2, and 3.4% (4/119) of children were classified as wasted, i.e. weight for height z-scores (WHZ) below –2. A significant negative relationship between dietary exposure to individual or mixture of mycotoxins and growth of children was observed indicating that the high mycotoxin intake contributed to stunning in the children studied.

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Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao Cai province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bui Thi Mai Huong ◽

Le Danh Tuyen ◽

Do Huu Tuan ◽

Leon Brimer ◽

Anders Dalsgaard

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Study Approach ◽

Dietary Study ◽

Lao Cai ◽

Aflatoxin B

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Dietary exposure and health risk characterization of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, and zearalenone in food from different provinces in Northern Vietnam

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 107108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tuan Huu Do ◽

Son Cao Tran ◽

Chi Dinh Le ◽

Ha-Binh Thi Nguyen ◽

Phuong-Thao Thi Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Risk Characterization ◽

Northern Vietnam

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Simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in food samples by dual DNA tweezers nanomachine

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 338 ◽

pp. 128122

Author(s):

Zhengwei Xiong ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Yuejie Xie ◽

Ning Li ◽

Wen Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Food Samples

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Estimative of Dietary Exposure To Zearalenone, Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 Through the Consume of Pasta Bakery Products

10.5151/foodsci-microal-095 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Juliane Elisa Welke ◽

Flávio Fonseca Veras ◽

Bruna Dachery ◽

Emili Keller Bol ◽

Débora Senger

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Bakery Products

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Simultaneous determination of trace Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A by aptamer-based microchip capillary electrophoresis in food samples

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1569 ◽

pp. 222-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Meng-Wei Xiao ◽

Xiao-Lin Bai ◽

Yi-Ming Liu ◽

Li Yang ◽

Xun Liao

Keyword(s):

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Food Samples ◽

Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis

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Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Marketed Foods and Risk Estimates of Dietary Exposure in Koreans

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2824 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 2824-2828 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

HYUN EE OK ◽

HYUN JUNG KIM ◽

WON BO SHIM ◽

HYOMIN LEE ◽

DONG-HO BAE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Excess Risk ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Two Samples

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an unavoidable food contaminant. To evaluate the potential health risk of AFB1 to Koreans posed by food consumption, we determined the natural occurrence of AFB1 in food and estimated the excess risk for liver cancer through dietary exposure to AFB1. A total of 694 food samples collected from six different regions of South Korea were analyzed for their AFB1 content. One hundred four of the 694 samples were found to give positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) readings for AFB1 and were further investigated with high-performance liquid chromatography. Thirty-two samples, including 2 maize samples, 3 soybean products, 20 peanut samples, nut samples, and their products, and 7 spices, were found to be contaminated with AFB1 (4.6% incidence), up to 48.6 μgkg−1. The level of AFB1 contamination in 28 of the 32 food products was below 10 μgkg−1, which is the legal tolerance limit in Korea. From data on daily food consumption, the exposure dose of AFB1 was estimated to be 6.42 × 10−7 mg kg−1 body weight (bw) day−1. The major contributors to the dietary intake of AFB1 were soybean paste and soy sauce, which composed 91% of the total exposure to AFB1. The excess risk of liver cancer for those exposed to AFB1 through food intake was estimated to be 5.78 × 10−6 for hepatitis B–negative individuals and 1.48 × 10−4 for hepatitis B–positive individuals. These results suggest that special consideration is required to reduce the intake of AFB1 in hepatitis B–positive individuals.

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Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Serbia

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2021.112116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112116

Author(s):

Bozidar Udovicki ◽

Nikola Tomic ◽

Bojana Spirovic Trifunovic ◽

Sasa Despotovic ◽

Jelena Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Dietary Exposure

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Occurrence of mycotoxins in selected agricultural and commercial products available in eastern Poland

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 653-664

Author(s):

Grażyna Kowalska ◽

Radosław Kowalski

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Rye Flour ◽

Three Samples ◽

Aflatoxin B2

Abstract The objective of this study was the estimation of the content of 13 mycotoxins (diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenone X, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone) in various products from the eastern part of Poland. The content of mycotoxins in the analysed samples was assayed using the extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS analysis. We found mycotoxins in 25 of the 92 samples tested (27%). Contamination with mycotoxins was noted most frequently in samples of cereals – 56% – and also in samples of flour and cocoa, in which a content of mycotoxins was noted in 24 and 16% of the samples, respectively. The most frequently identified were the following – deoxynivalenol detected in 18 samples (72%), zearalenone detected in eight samples (32%), toxin HT-2 detected in four samples (16%), ochratoxin A identified in three samples (12%), and toxin T-2 detected in one sample (4%). In one analysed sample of mixed flour and in one analysed sample of wheat and rye flour, the maximum allowable concentration was exceeded in the case of two identified mycotoxins – deoxynivalenol (2,250 μg/kg) and ochratoxin A (15.6 and 17.1 μg/kg).

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