Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Facial Seborrhea and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism

Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of facial seborrhea and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.

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Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Oily Skin and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism

10.20944/preprints202111.0086.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nark-Kyoung Rho ◽

Young-Chun Gil

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽

Type A ◽

Intradermal Injection ◽

Autonomic Nerve ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Sebaceous Glands ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽

Sebum Production ◽

Autonomic Nerve Terminals

Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to the overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of oily skin and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.

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Botulism (type A) in a horse - case report

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201685010071 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sevim Kasap ◽

Hasan Batmaz ◽

Meric Kocaturk ◽

Frank Gessler ◽

Serkan Catık ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Type A ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Thoroughbred Horse ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽

First Time ◽

Colonic Content

This paper presents the case of a six year-old, male, thoroughbred horse with clinical signs of inappetence, weakness, and incoordination when walking. Clinical examination showed that the horse staggered and leaned to the left side. Feedstuff was present inside and around its mouth. Salivation was increased and there was no reflex at the palpebrae and tongue. The horse had difficulty swallowing and the tone of its tail was reduced. Botulism was diagnosed based on the clinical signs. Antibiotic (ceftiofur) and fluid-electrolyte treatment was commenced. Next day, neostigmin was added to the horse’s treatment, and it became recumbent. The horse’s palpebral, tongue and tail reflexes returned partially after neostigmine methylsulphate treatment on the same day and it stood up on day four. However, it could not swallow anything during the whole week, so after getting permission from the owner, the horse was euthanized on day 10. Samples of the colonic content and blood serum were sent by courier to the laboratory for toxin neutralization, however, botulinum neurotoxins could not be detected. After that, serum samples from days 6 and 10 were sent to another laboratory for testing for botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by ELISA. Specific antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin type A were measured, indicating a previous, immuno-relevant contact with the toxin. This seroconversion for type A supports the clinical botulism diagnosis. Type A botulism is rarely seen in Europe and has been detected in a horse in Turkey for the first time.

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