scholarly journals Purified Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV, Verorab®): A Systematic Review of Intradermal Use Between 1985 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Moulenat ◽  
Céline Petit ◽  
Valérie Bosch Castells ◽  
Guy Houillon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Prevention ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV; Verorab®, Sanofi Pasteur) has been used in rabies prevention since 1985. Evolving rabies vaccination trends, including shorter intradermal (ID) regimens with reduced volume, along with WHO recommendation for ID administration has driven recent ID PVRV regimen assessments. Thus, a consolidated review comparing immunogenicity of PVRV ID regimens during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is timely and beneficial in identifying gaps in current research. A search of seven databases for studies published from 1985 to November 2019 identified 35 studies. PrEP was assessed in 10 studies (n = 926) with 1–3-site, 1–3-visit regimens of up to 3-months duration. Seroconversion (rabies virus neutralizing antibodies [RVNA] ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) rates of 90–100% were reported within weeks, irrespective of regimen, with robust booster responses at 1 year (100% seroconversion rates by day 14 post-booster). However, data are lacking for the current WHO-recommended, 2-site, 1-week ID PrEP regimen. PEP was assessed in 25 studies (n = 2136) across regimens of 1-week to 90-day duration. All ID PEP regimens assessed induced ≥ 99% seroconversion rates (except in HIV participants) by day 14–28. This review confirms ID PVRV suitability for rabies prophylaxis and highlights the heterogeneity of use in the field.

A randomized non-inferiority clinical study to assess post-exposure prophylaxis by a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax-S) administered by intramuscular and intradermal routes

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (40) ◽  
pp. 4820-4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Bose ◽  
Renuka Munshi ◽  
Radha Madhab Tripathy ◽  
Shampur N. Madhusudana ◽  
B.R. Harish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals A Case of Serious Adverse Reaction Following Rabies Vaccination

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1881714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Kang ◽  
Wen Chin Chiang ◽  
Si Hui Goh ◽  
Anne Eng Neo Goh ◽  
Peter Choong Yi Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Graded Challenge ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Introduction. Rabies is one of the most deadly infectious disease. We present a challenging case of an adverse reaction following rabies vaccine in a child. Case Summary. A 10-year-old girl was bitten by a stray dog in Bali and was prescribed rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. She developed breathlessness, abdominal cramps, and lips and eyes swelling 30 minutes after the second dose of rabies vaccine. The subsequent vaccine was successfully administered as a graded challenge with premedication. The final dose was administered in entirety under close observation. She developed transient hypotension 30 minutes later, which spontaneously resolved. Conclusion. There were multiple challenges in the care of this pediatric patient who was potentially exposed to rabies and experienced systemic adverse events during the course of post-exposure prophylaxis. A thorough clinical assessment should be made to weigh benefits versus risks of proceeding with rabies vaccination, bearing in mind that the disease is deadly.

Rabies Vaccine Disposition: Trends in Vaccination Among Israeli Travelers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Meltzer ◽  
Remez Yanuka ◽  
Eli Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Business Travelers ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Travelers are a risk-group for rabies; however, few are protected. We describe changes in pre-travel vaccination rates and post-travel referrals after animal contact. We conducted a nationwide, retrospective study for 2014–2018. The ratio of rabies vaccine courses distributed to travelers and the number of Israeli-tourist-entries to endemic countries was calculated, as was the proportion of travelers referred to a post-travel clinic after animal contact. During the study period, the ratio of pre-travel vaccine courses distributed nationally to outgoing tourism to endemic countries was stable at ≈0.7%; 13% of 256,969 pre-travel consultations included recommendation for rabies vaccination. Backpackers were more likely to be immunized (40.2%) than business travelers (4.4%) or travelers planning organized/high-end travel (2.0%). However, rates of rabies vaccination among backpackers showed a decline during the study period. Post-travel referrals after animal contact were stable at 2% of all referrals; most were exposed in Asia (69.5%) and 51% were bitten by dogs. Only 38% received post-exposure prophylaxis abroad. We conclude that only a minority of Israeli travelers, including backpackers, receive rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis. The proportion of travelers with potentially rabid animal contact is not decreasing; however, many exposed travelers do not receive post-exposure prophylaxis during travel. Because rabies control programs have been compromised in endemic countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to provide rabies protection to travelers has become more urgent. After the ACIP’s adoption of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2-dose regimen, a revision of current vaccine guidelines is required to provide a simplified, more inclusive rabies vaccine policy.

Antibody persistence, 32 years after post-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 3742-3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fayaz ◽  
Susan Simani ◽  
Alireza Janani ◽  
Firouzeh Farahtaj ◽  
Peyvand Biglari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Cell ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Human Diploid Cell ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis relative to the disease epidemiological status

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca Martins da Costa Andrade ◽  
Taísa Santos de Melo Andrade ◽  
Luzia Helena Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Technical Manual ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Main City ◽  
Technical Recommendations

Abstract This study evaluated the prophylactic measures adopted after attacks by dogs and cats in the main city of Northwester São Paulo State, based on the technical manual for post-exposure treatment, considering the not controlled (1990-1996) and controlled (1997-2010) rabies status. A retrospective analysis was done using the data from the SINAN records (W64-CID10) between 1990 and 2010. In most cases, the accidents were mild (76.9%), and biting animals were healthy (75.4%); therefore, no treatment was needed in 53.3% of the cases. In 64.6% of cases, the prescribed PEP treatment was inappropriate. The most indicated PEP treatments consisted of vaccine and RIG (43.4%), and either three doses of mouse brain vaccine or two doses of cell culture vaccine (76.5%), during the not controlled and controlled rabies periods, respectively. The treatment was more appropriate and followed the technical recommendations during controlled rabies periods compared to not controlled (p < 0.0001) periods. However, excessive application of RIG and rabies vaccine was observed in both periods.

Paralytic rabies: An acute flaccid myelitis after inadequate post exposure prophylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Pannu ◽  
Raichur Vijay Kumar ◽  
Deeksha Vijaykumar ◽  
Lakshmi Priya ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Rabies has two distinct clinical syndromes, encephalitic (or ‘furious’) and paralytic (or ‘dumb’). The paralytic form presents as acute flaccid myelitis and is more common in patients who received post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination without rabies immunoglobulins. We have recently had the opportunity to manage a middle-aged man presenting as ‘dumb’ paralytic rabies.

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