scholarly journals Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: A systematic review on abridged vaccination schedules and the effect of changing administration routes during a single course

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. A107-A117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joss Kessels ◽  
Arnaud Tarantola ◽  
Naseem Salahuddin ◽  
Lucille Blumberg ◽  
Lea Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Effectiveness Analysis of Single Dose Rifampicin-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) as A Preventive Intervention for Leprosy Transmission: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir Asyura ◽  
Ilma Ranjani Wijaya ◽  
Theetouch Toshukowong ◽  
Rui Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Introduction: Leprosy is a skin disease that reaches 200,000 cases annually. Considered a neglected tropical disease, 80% of annual leprosy remained in countries such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Multi-drug treatment is effective in curing leprosy but ineffective in preventing further transmission. The implementation of large-scale single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis suggests the inhibition of leprosy transmission and thus needs validation.Methods: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement from multiple databases using set keywords. A total of 646 studies were identified, followed by 4 randomized controlled trials included after screening.Results: 86,502 subjects were divided into control and interventional groups and were to be followed up in 2-6 years. Most studies showed a significant decrease of leprosy cases by 50-60%. Furthermore, a complementary effect between single-dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine was identified. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed which resulted in IDR 80,414,775 being averted in its 25th year of implementationConclusion: The review established promising results of implementing single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis to prevent leprosy transmission. Further national scale intervention with a multi-layered approach is suggested to ensure full support and continuity of the large-scale intervention 

scholarly journals Systematic review of community efforts in early handling post-exposure prophylaxis cases of rabies animal bite transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Tanti Marjiana ◽  
Asti Melani Astari ◽  
Lilik Zuhriyah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies is acute progressive encephalitis, caused by a virus that enters the body after the bite of an infected animal, and migrates to the brain. Management of rabies animal bite transmission (GHPR) with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the most important strategy for preventing rabies-related mortality. GHPR victims need the right PEP. Effective post-exposure provision depends on good individual awareness about rabies and access to health services. To find out the efforts made by the community in raising public awareness to get PEP by doing initial handling after GHPR appropriately. This systematic review begins by identifying the literature on scientific articles that have been published in 2014-2019 in international databases namely Proquest, ScienceDirect, Springer and Ebsco. Selection is done by systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and selected using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist format tools. The nine relevant articles were obtained to be analyzed into a systematic review, namely four articles from the Proquest database, two articles from the ScienceDirect database and three articles from the Ebsco database. Community efforts in initial treatment of victims exposed to GHPR are immediately carried out by applying wound washing, providing antiseptics and immediately to health care facilities to get further treatment. The community should understand important information about handling practices in GHPR wound management appropriately. PEP was an immediate action for early relief when victims are exposed to GHPR. PEP was conducted as an effort to prevent the virus from developing into dangerous stages that could result in death

scholarly journals Purified Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV, Verorab®): A Systematic Review of Intradermal Use Between 1985 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Moulenat ◽  
Céline Petit ◽  
Valérie Bosch Castells ◽  
Guy Houillon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vero Cell ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Prevention ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV; Verorab®, Sanofi Pasteur) has been used in rabies prevention since 1985. Evolving rabies vaccination trends, including shorter intradermal (ID) regimens with reduced volume, along with WHO recommendation for ID administration has driven recent ID PVRV regimen assessments. Thus, a consolidated review comparing immunogenicity of PVRV ID regimens during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is timely and beneficial in identifying gaps in current research. A search of seven databases for studies published from 1985 to November 2019 identified 35 studies. PrEP was assessed in 10 studies (n = 926) with 1–3-site, 1–3-visit regimens of up to 3-months duration. Seroconversion (rabies virus neutralizing antibodies [RVNA] ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) rates of 90–100% were reported within weeks, irrespective of regimen, with robust booster responses at 1 year (100% seroconversion rates by day 14 post-booster). However, data are lacking for the current WHO-recommended, 2-site, 1-week ID PrEP regimen. PEP was assessed in 25 studies (n = 2136) across regimens of 1-week to 90-day duration. All ID PEP regimens assessed induced ≥ 99% seroconversion rates (except in HIV participants) by day 14–28. This review confirms ID PVRV suitability for rabies prophylaxis and highlights the heterogeneity of use in the field.

scholarly journals Awareness and Use of Post-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Jin ◽  
Runsong Sun ◽  
Tingting Mu ◽  
Taiyi Jiang ◽  
Lili Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Over Time

Background: The use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in reducing HIV risk, but it is underused by men who have sex with men (MSM) due to certain psychological and sociostructural factors. This article assessed the awareness and use of PEP among MSM in an effort to increase the visibility and uptake of PEP among at-risk populations.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Studies were screened for inclusion, and relevant data were abstracted, assessed for bias, and synthesized. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random effects meta-analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analysis, and a qualitative review and risk of bias assessment were performed (PROSPERO, CRD42019123815).Results: Twenty eligible studies involving 12,579 MSM were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the proportions of MSM who were aware of PEP was modest at 59.9% (95% CI: 50.5~68.7) and that of MSM who previously used PEP was very low at 4.9% (95% CI: 2.4~9.8). PEP awareness showed no clear change over time, while PEP use significantly changed over time. Multiple factors affected awareness, including educational attainment, race/ethnicity, levels of HIV stigma, access to condoms, and so on. Many factors could potentially impede or facilitate the use of PEP, such as income, lack of PEP information, and partnership.Conclusion: We observed that PEP is an underused HIV prevention strategy among MSM and that once MSM become aware of PEP, the majority are willing to use it if they are supported appropriately in terms of a range of individual, social, and structural barriers.Systematic Review Registration: http://www.cdr.york.ac.uk/prospero, PROSPERO [CRD42019123815].

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