scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Mass Vaccination Strategy to Control Brucellosis in Sheep and Goats in Northern Iraq

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Ali Al Hamada ◽  
Mieghan Bruce ◽  
Anne Barnes ◽  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Ian D. Robertson

Brucellosis is a major economic and production-limiting disease for livestock owners and the community in Iraq. A cost–benefit analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of an expanded annual mass vaccination programme of sheep and goats that involves all female and male sheep and goats over the age of 3 months with Rev. 1 vaccine. The proposed expanded vaccination programme was compared to the current annual vaccination program, which involved only vaccinating female sheep and goats between the ages of 3 and 6 months of age with Rev. 1. The cost-benefit analysis model was developed utilizing data collected in Dohuk Governorate, northern Iraq. The seroprevalence in small ruminants (using Rose Bengal test and ELISA in series) was predicted to decrease from 9.22% to 0.73% after 20 years of implementing the proposed annual mass vaccination program. The net present value of the mass vaccination program was estimated to be US$ 10,564,828 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): −16,203,454 to 37,049,245), the benefit–cost ratio was estimated to be 4.25 (95% CI: −2.71 to 11.22), and the internal rate of return was 91.38% (95% CI:11.71 to 190.62%). The proposed vaccination strategy was predicted to decrease the overall financial loss caused by brucellosis from 1.75 to 0.55 US$ per adult female animal. The results of this economic analysis highlight the benefit of implementing an annual mass vaccination program of small ruminants with Rev. 1 vaccine to reduce the prevalence of brucellosis in northern Iraq.

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Mahmud ◽  
ASM Bazlul Karim ◽  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
MM Ziaul Islam ◽  
NK Sarker ◽  
...  

Background: HAV infection is endemic in many developing countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal etc. Several seroprevalence studies show high rates of sero-positivity among children by sub-clinical infection. Therefore mass vaccination against HAV has not been recommended in endemic countries. Objective: To determine whether routine hepatitis A vaccination is indicated for all Bangladeshi children & also to know whether pre-vaccination screening is necessary. Materials & Methods: Serum samples from 254 children aged between 1-15 years were tested for antibody (IgM & IgG) against hepatitis A virus (HAV) to determine the seroprevalence of HAV antibody and do a cost-benefit analysis for decision making about vaccination against HAV among the children of Bangladesh. Results: Hepatitis A virus antibody was positive in 141 (55.5%) of 254 children. Age-specific sero-prevalence was 13 (23.2%) of 56 in 1-3 year, 64 (55.2%) of 116 in 3-5 year, 39 (70.9%) of 55 in 5-10 year & 25 (92.6%) of 27 in 10-15 year age group. Cost benefit analysis showed that the total cost of screening followed by vaccination was almost 1.8 times less than the total cost of vaccination of all children without screening. Conclusions: Majority of the children were found sero-positive against HAV around 15 year of age. Therefore mass vaccination against HAV may not be required for Bangladeshi children.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21561 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.65-69


Author(s):  
A.M Coelho ◽  
M.L Pinto ◽  
A.C Coelho

In the North of Portugal, a mass vaccination programme of small ruminants was conducted from 2001 to 2004. A study of cost-benefit was carried out for the 2000/2005 period to ascertain the economic benefits of this strategy. In order to estimate the cost of the zoonosis, the compensation costs paid to farmers for culled animals in the Brucellosis Eradication Campaign, data from vaccine Rev. 1 costs, and costs of people internment due to brucellosis were studied. An increase in the cost was observed from 2000 to 2001 (aproximately US$ 110,000), essentially due to compensation for culled animals, but also from vaccination and human internment costs. However, a progressive decrease was observed from 2001 to 2004 (from more than US$1,200,000 in 2001 to US$180,000 in 2004), roughly US$ 1,020,000 less. As the main conclusion, the annual cost of this zoonosis decreased by an average of almost US$600,000 per year, and a total of more than three million dollars were saved from 2000 to 2005. The results of this study suggest that mass vaccination with Rev. 1 reduced overall costs and was effective in reducing animal and human brucellosis costs


Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (40) ◽  
pp. 5979-5985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Mahendra Raj ◽  
Abrar Ahmad Chughtai ◽  
Anurag Sharma ◽  
Timothy C. Tan ◽  
C. Raina MacIntyre

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. A436
Author(s):  
O Atkov ◽  
A Loguinov ◽  
N Nicoloyannis ◽  
V Durand

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document