Déclin de la métropolisation ? Emergence des villes moyennes ? Tendances récentes de l'urbanisation latino-américaine. Le cas du Vénézuéla / The decline of metropolitan growth processes ? The emergence of medium-sized towns ? Recent trends in Latin American urbanization. The rise of Venezuela

This paper documents the recent trends in access and completion of higher education (HE) in 18 Latin American countries, and explores the relation with a series of context variables in order to verify different hypothesis about the changes observed. We find that access to HE among individuals in the working age population has risen in the region, while completion rates have fallen. Our cohort-level analysis shows that the recent expansion in HE enrollment has been mostly associated with the increase in Upper Secondary completion rates as opposed to an increase in the fraction of USE graduates who enroll in HE. Other factors associated with this expansion include economic growth and favorable labor market conditions. Nonetheless, the dominant role of “the pipeline” underscores the need to continue increasing USE completion in order to expand HE access. Since “the pipeline” effect will at some point exhaust its role driving HE expansion, our findings also underscore the need for policies that raise the enrollment of USE graduates.

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Dissatisfied Democrats or Retrospective Voters?

Comparative Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0010414004273856 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 417-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Allyson Lucinda Benton

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Voting Behavior ◽

Panel Study ◽

Political Accountability ◽

Economic Decline ◽

Latin Americans ◽

Electoral Laws ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Presidential Systems ◽

Opinion Polls

This article examines recent trends in Latin American voting behavior and casts them in terms of sincere (economic) and strategic (electoral) concerns. It argues that thanks to years of economic adversity, Latin Americans have developed long, sophisticated economic memories. Although this has resulted in rising frustration with democratic government, according to recent opinion polls, it has not always led voters to punish all parties responsible for hardship at election time. A panel study of the region’s presidential systems demonstrates that citizens punish incumbents by voting for established nonincumbents when electoral laws reduce opportunities available to small parties in the systems, even if nonincumbents have also been blamed for hard economic times. More permissive electoral systems, in contrast, encourage citizens to reject all parties responsible for economic decline. The analysis demonstrates how economic and electoral concerns interact to affect voting behavior, political accountability, and public opinion in Latin America.

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Recent Trends in Latin American Fertility

Population Studies ◽

10.2307/2173719 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

J. Mayone Stycos

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Recent Trends

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BRICS: LATINAMERICAN PROJECTION

Cuadernos Iberoamericanos ◽

10.46272/2409-3416-2016-1-62-66 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

E. . Astakhov

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Latin American ◽

Great Powers ◽

American Continent ◽

Main Attention ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Latin American Countries

The paper analyses recent trends in foreign policy of Latin-American countries, in particular their approaches to the cooperation with BRICS. The main attention is paid to the analysis of Brazilian policy towards BRICS. Brazil is the only country which represents Latin-American continent in BRICS and has excellent possibilities to enter “the club of the Great Powers”.

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Latin American Cities

Sociology of Development ◽

10.1525/sod.2021.7.1.25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 25-51

Author(s):

Brandon P. Martinez ◽

Alejandro Portes

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Urban System ◽

First Century ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Poverty And Inequality ◽

Early Twenty ◽

History Of ◽

Recent Trends ◽

American Cities

We summarize the history of Latin American urbanization with a focus on the evolution of cities from the colonial and post-colonial eras to the adoption of the import-substitution model of development and its subsequent replacement by a neoliberal adjustment model. Consequences for the urban system of both import-substitution and neoliberal policies are examined, with a focus on the evolution of the urban population and trends in several strategic areas. We examine indicators of unemployment and informal employment; poverty and inequality; and urban crime and victimization rates as they evolved from the import-substitution era to the implosion of the neoliberal model that replaced it in the early twenty-first century. The consequences for cities of the disastrous application of this model are summarized as a prelude to the analysis of more recent trends. Based on the latest statistical indicators available, we document a significant decline in unemployment and economic inequality in six Latin American nations that jointly comprise 80 percent of the population of the region. Employment in the informal sector also declined steadily, although it still comprises a large proportion of Latin American labor markets. Consequences of this situation for the citizenry and alternative government policies to address it are discussed.

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Democracy in the Protest State

10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mason W. Moseley

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Political Engagement ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Third Wave ◽

American Democracy ◽

Important Addition ◽

Recent Trends

The book ends with a chapter on the implications and conclusions to be drawn from its findings, and avenues for future research. Few scholars have examined the consequences of varying levels of institutional quality for mass political participation in Third Wave democracies, making the findings of this book an important addition to our understanding of important political phenomena in Latin America. Moreover, by connecting these institutional factors to recent trends in political engagement in the region, it explains how socioeconomic gains can produce heightened rates of protest participation in certain institutional environments. Overall, the findings from this book call for a recalibration of the received wisdom on the nexus between political institutions, civic engagement, and contentious politics, and deepen our understanding of Latin American democracy today.

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