scholarly journals Alkitab Sebagai Buku Pegangan Orang Kristen (Ketidakbersalahan Alkitab)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Yunianto Yunianto ◽  
Hani Rohayani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Criticism

Ada orang Kristen yang mempercayai Alkitab sebagai pegangan hidup yang tidak memiliki kesalahan, namun sebagian orang Kristen memiliki keraguan akan hal tersebut. Perdebatan ini muncul setelah adanya kelompok-kelompok yang memberikan kritik kepada Alkitab, yang kemudian disebut sebagai kelompok Kritik Tinggi (Higher Criticism) dan Kritik Rendah (Lower Criticism). Dari kritik-kritik yang ditujukan kepada Alkitab ini, maka munculah keraguan dan sikap terhadap Alkitab, bahwa Alkitab memiliki kesalahan. Pada makalah ini penulis hendak memberikan paparan tentang ketidakbersalahan Alkitab atau dalam ilmu teologi lebih dikenal dengan istilah Ineransi Alkitab agar orang Kristen memiliki keyakinan yang teguh terhadap buku pengangan yang harus dipercayai yaitu Alkitab. Dalam makalah ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka. Penulis berusaha memaparkan bahwa Alkitab yang dipercayai sebagai buku pegangan orang Kristen adalah kebenaran Allah yang harus dipercayai dan diterima dengan iman.

A Dyadic Investigation of Depressed Affect and Interspousal Behavior in Couples With Chronic Back Pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Post ◽  
David A Smith ◽  
John W Burns ◽  
Laura S Porter ◽  
Francis J Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Pain Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Electronic Diary ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background Depression and marital discord are characteristic not only of individuals with chronic low back pain (ICPs) but also of their spouses. Purpose We examined actor–partner interdependence models to evaluate associations among depressed affect and criticism and support of partners at the same time point (concurrent effects) and 3 hr later (lagged effects). Fully dyadic models were used to account for both within-person and cross-spouse associations among depressed affect, criticism, and support for ICPs and spouses. We also examined the direction of the relationships (depressed affect predicting behavior and behavior predicting depressed affect) all while controlling for pain intensity, pain behavior, and the prior dependent variable. Methods ICPs (n = 105) and their spouses completed electronic diary measures of depressed affect and behavior (criticism and support) five times a day for 2 weeks. Hierarchical linear modeling with person-mean centering was used for data analysis. Results Within the same 3 hr epoch, more depressed affect was related to higher criticism and generally less support. Lagged analyses suggested bidirectional relationships between spouse’s own depressed affect and spouse’s own criticism of ICPs. Spouse depressed affect was also associated with decreased support received from ICPs. Pain behavior and pain intensity were also related to depressed affect, criticism, and support especially concurrently. Conclusions Theories and interventions need to address not only ICP depressed affect but also spouse depressed affect, as spouse depressed affect may be a stress generating precursor to criticism and support.

scholarly journals Modern Western Critical Discourse on Seerah Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (- 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Athar ◽  
Feroz ud din Shah Khagga
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Higher Criticism

Seerah of the Prophet falls mainly under Orientalist studies evolving from an early skeptical normative to revisionism, higher criticism, biblical literary criticism and Hagarism. This perpetual change of Western academic methodology seems to indicate their fragile and non-traditional academic approach. The Orientalists like Goldziher and Schacht have been able to transform skeptical theories considerably to the extent ‘revisionist’ theories have emerged. In this paper, a critical review of modern Western critique has been discussed while conjecturing about its lacunas at the same time. 

The Higher Criticism on Olympus

1937 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Higher Criticism

John Colquhoun

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-186
Author(s):  
J. V. Fesko
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
Outright Rejection ◽  
Good Resource

In the nineteenth century indifference toward the doctrine of works grew to outright rejection and hostility because of the influence of higher criticism and negative opinions of Reformed scholasticism. Critics of the doctrine argued that in order for the doctrine to be legitimate, there had to be an explicit biblical statement attesting to its existence. This was a change from earlier exegetical patterns of argumentation. Critics also characterized the covenant of works as an agreement between equals, which was an erroneous understanding of God’s dealings with Adam. Proponents of the doctrine, however, maintained earlier methodologies and commitments, saw Reformed scholastic theology as a good resource, and were careful to qualify their definitions of covenant to ensure that it was not construed as an agreement between equals. Theologians such as John Colquhoun promoted the doctrine.

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