scholarly journals The Taxa of the Hyponephele lycaon – H. lupina Species Complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): Deep DNA Barcode Divergence despite Morphological Similarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov ◽  
Elena A. Pazhenkova
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Phenotypic Similarity ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Accepted Standard

The genus Hyponephele includes about 40 species distributed throughout the southern part of the Palaearctic area. Within this genus, the taxa of the H. lycaon – H. lupina species complex are similar with respect to the wing pattern and genitalia structure. Here we revise this group using analysis of butterfly morphology, DNA barcodes, and study of the type material. We show that, with a few exceptions, the species in this group are allopatric in distribution. Allopatry in combination with phenotypic similarity may be theoretically interpreted as evidence for the conspecifity of these taxa. Here we falsify this hypothesis by using DNA barcode analysis. We show that the species of this complex are genetically very distant and cannot be combined together as a polytypic species. We also demonstrate that H. lupina consists of two deeply diverged allopatric clades, H. lupina s. s. and H. mauritanica comb. & stat. nov. The barcode p-distance between these taxa (3.4-4.9%) is significantly higher than the generally accepted 'standard' minimum interspecific divergence (2.0-3.0% ) threshold. These two clades can also be distinguished by the color of the upperside of the wing in males (brown with conspicuous golden reflection in H. lupina ; dark brown without golden reflection in H. mauritanica) and by details in male genitalia and male androconia structures. Syntypes of Hyponephele sifanica, H. cheena cheena, H. cheena iskander, and H. cheena kashmirica are studied and figured.

scholarly journals Toward a revision of the genus Chelidura Latreille, 1825: designation of the Neotype for Chelidura aptera (Megerle in Charpentier, 1825) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-302
Author(s):  
Paolo Fontana ◽  
Federico Pedrazzoli ◽  
Valeria Malagnini ◽  
Enrico Ruzzier ◽  
Federico Marangoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Morphological Investigations

Since it is not possible, after several years of research, to locate the type material of Chelidura aptera (Megerle in Charpentier, 1825), type species of the genus Chelidura latreille, 1825, and not being able to define in any way, even vaguely, the terra typica, it was decided to fix a neotype. This neotype is here selected on the basis of its matching with the original description and with the support of molecular data. Three Alpine populations, two Italian and one Swiss, of what is actually considered C. aptera were sampled and sequenced; COI sequences were then compared with Chelidura pyrenaica arverna David & Van Herrewege, 1973 from the Massif Central in France, and other species of the genera Chelidurella, Mesochelidura and Forficula. The separation between C. aptera and C. pyrenaica is strongly supported by DNA barcodes and substantial differences among the three Alpine populations have been detected. The genetically intermediate among the Alpine populations (Italy, Piedmont (Biella), Pennine Alps, lago del Mucrone) is chosen as neotype of Chelidura aptera, furthermore largely matching the original description. Further genetic and morphological investigations will clarify the relations among the Alpine populations and in the early future we expect to extend the analyzes to the majority of the Alpine and non-Alpine populations of Chelidura. In addition, the updated view about the taxonomy and distribution of Chelidura and the first illustration of male genitalia of Chelidura pyrenaica arverna David & Van Herrewege, 1973 are provided.

scholarly journals Linking karyotypes with DNA barcodes: proposal for a new standard in chromosomal analysis with an example based on the study of Neotropical Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov ◽  
Yaroslavna Iashenkova
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Chromosomal Data

Chromosomal data are important for taxonomists, cytogeneticists and evolutionary biologists; however, the value of these data decreases sharply if they are obtained for individuals with inaccurate species identification or unclear species identity. To avoid this problem, here we suggest linking each karyotyped sample with its DNA barcode, photograph and precise geographic data, providing an opportunity for unambiguous identification of described taxa and for delimitation of undescribed species. Using this approach, we present new data on chromosome number diversity in neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Biblidinae (genus Vila Kirby, 1871) and the tribe Ithomiini (genera Oleria Hübner, 1816, Ithomia Hübner, 1816, Godyris Boisduval, 1870, Hypothyris Hübner, 1821, Napeogenes Bates, 1862, Pseudoscada Godman et Salvin, 1879 and Hyposcada Godman et Salvin, 1879). Combining new and previously published data we show that the species complex Oleria onega (Hewitson, [1852]) includes three discrete chromosomal clusters (with haploid chromosome numbers n = 15, n = 22 and n = 30) and at least four DNA barcode clusters. Then we discuss how the incomplete connection between these chromosomal and molecular data (karyotypes and DNA barcodes were obtained for different sets of individuals) complicates the taxonomic interpretation of the discovered clusters.

Revision of the Australian Oenochroma vinaria Guenée, 1858 species-complex (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Oenochrominae): DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity and assesses status of type specimen without dissection

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2239 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
AXEL HAUSMANN ◽  
PAUL D. N. HEBERT ◽  
ANDREW MITCHELL ◽  
RODOLPHE ROUGERIE ◽  
MANFRED SOMMERER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New South ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
A New Species

The assembly of a DNA barcode library for Australian Lepidoptera revealed that Oenochroma vinaria Guenée, 1858, as currently understood, is actually a mix of two different species. By analyzing DNA barcodes from recently collected specimens and the 150 year-old female lectotype of O. vinaria, we propose a reliable assignment of the name vinaria to one of these two species. A lectotype is designated for Monoctenia decora, a confirmed synonym of O. vinaria, and a new species, Oenochroma barcodificata sp. nov., is described. This species is only known from Tasmania and New South Wales; its biology and immature stages are described in detail.

Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4678 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-75
Author(s):  
JIA HUANG ◽  
LU GONG ◽  
SHUN-CHERN TSAUR ◽  
LIN ZHU ◽  
KEYING AN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
New Synonyms

A total of 50 (43 known and seven new) species in the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) were surveyed and (re)described from China: P. bicornuta (Chen & Toda, 1997); P. bipartita (Toda & Peng, 1992); P. biprotrusa (Chen & Toda, 1998); P. cardua (Okada, 1977); P. chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996); P. conifera (Okada, 1977); P. eparmata (Okada, 1977); P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. excrescentiosa (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. fangae (Máca, 1993); P. flexuosa (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. foliata (Chen & Toda, 1997); P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. gigas (Okada, 1977); P. glabtabula Chen & Gao, 2005; P. hainanensis (Chen & Toda, 1998); P. hongae (Máca, 1993); P. huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008; P. iota (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996); P. jadete Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018; P. kappa (Máca, 1977); P. lambda (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. latifoliacea Chen & Watabe, 2008; P. magna (Okada, 1960); P. okadai (Máca, 1977); P. omega (Okada, 1977); P. orientalis (Hendel, 1914); P. pangi Chen & Wen, 2005; P. paramagna (Okada, 1971); P. perforcipata (Máca & Lin, 1993); P. pi (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. protrusa (Zhang & Shi, 1997); P. pseudopi (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. pseudotau (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. psi (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. rhagolobos Chen & Gao, 2008; P. saeta (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. setitabula Chen & Gao, 2005; P. subradiata (Okada, 1977); P. tau (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. uncinata Chen & Gao, 2005; P. unipetala Chen & Wen, 2005; P. allomega Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. archikappa Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. dianzangensis Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. imbacilia Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. liukuni Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. tibeta Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; and P. xianfui Gong & Chen, sp. nov. In addition, seven new synonyms were recognized: P. acongruens (Zhang & Shi, 1997), syn. nov.; P. antillaria (Chen & Toda, 1997), syn. nov.; P. kukuanensis Máca, 2003, syn. nov.; P. linae (Máca & Chen, 1993), syn. nov.; P. shillongensis (Singh & Gupta, 1979), syn. nov.; P. takadai (Okada, 1977), syn. nov.; and P. watanabei (Máca & Lin, 1993), syn. nov. A key to all Asian species (except for the eparmata species complex) of this subgenus was provided. All currently available DNA barcode (partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene) sequences of this subgenus (217 sequences of 54 species) are employed in a molecular analysis using different species delimitation methods. The results indicate that approximately 68.5% (37 of 54 spp.) of Phortica (s. str.) species could be clearly distinguished from closely related morphospecies or cryptic species. 

scholarly journals Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan Zlatkov ◽  
Peter Huemer
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Alpine Species

Allopatric alpine populations of Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) are reviewed. In addition to traditional diagnostic characters of external morphology, the genitalia structures of everted vesicae in male genitalia and DNA barcodes are analysed. This new approach supports the existence of five rather than two species in Europe: Phtheochroa schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. (Dinaric Mts, Rila Mts, Pirin Mts) = P. drenowskyi (Rebel, 1916) syn. nov.; P. alpinana sp. nov. (SW Alps); P. apenninana sp. nov. (Apennines); P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev. (Pyrenees) = P. flavidana (Guenée, 1845) = P. sulphurana (Guenée, 1845) = P. andorrana (Millière, 1865); P. cantabriana sp. nov. (Cantabrian Mts). In order to stabilize the nomenclature, a neotype for Eupoecilia frigidana is designated.

Identity of some recently described Lepidoptera from France—re-assessed with DNA barcodes and morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4941 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-337
Author(s):  
PETER HUEMER ◽  
ERIK J. VAN NIEUKERKEN
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Status

Seventy-three species of Lepidoptera described from France since 2000, particularly by Jacques Nel and Thierry Varenne, are re-assessed from largely unpublished molecular data. We tried to obtain DNA barcode sequences from 62 holotypes, supplemented by paratypes of eight species and on one case by non-type material, whereas one previously synonymized species was not sequenced. Altogether we obtained 78 DNA barcode sequences for 65 nominal taxa while sequencing failed for six holotypes. An integrative analysis from molecular data and morphology supports the validity of the majority of species but also resulted in the re-assessment of several taxa. The following 13 new synonymies are established: Stigmella cyrneorolandi Nel & Varenne, 2013 syn. nov. of Stigmella rolandi van Nieukerken, 1990; Stigmella thibaulti Varenne & Nel, 2019 syn. nov. of Stigmella nivenburgensis (Preissecker, 1942) (Nepticulidae); Nemapogon peslieri Varenne & Nel, 2017 syn. nov. of Nemapogon inexpectata Varenne & Nel, 2017 (Tineidae); Phyllonorycter acericorsica Varenne & Nel, 2015 syn. nov. of Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella (Klimesch, 1942) (Gracillariidae); Ancylis paraobtusana Varenne, Nel, & Peslier, 2020 syn. nov. of Ancylis comptana (Frölich, 1828) (Tortricidae); Celypha paludicolella Varenne & Nel, 2017 syn. nov. of Celypha doubledayana (Barrett, 1872) (Tortricidae); Cydia oxytropidana Nel & Varenne, 2016 syn. nov. of Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912) (Tortricidae); Sorhagenia orocorsa Varenne & Nel, 2016 syn. nov. of Sorhagenia janiszewskae Riedl, 1962 (Cosmopterigidae); Chionodes cerdanica Peslier, Nel & Varenne, 2020 syn. nov. of Chionodes distinctella (Zeller, 1839) (Gelechiidae); Elachista bidentata Varenne & Nel, 2019 syn. nov. of Elachista orstadii Palm, 1943; Elachista karsticola Varenne & Nel, 2018 syn. nov. of Elachista maculosella Chrétien, 1896 (Elachistidae); Scythris chablaisensis Delmas, 2018 syn. nov. of Scythris laminella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Scythrididae); Epermenia pumila (Buvat & Nel, 2000) syn. nov. of Epermenia profugella (Stainton, 1856) (Epermeniidae). Finally, the status of some taxa still remains unclear due to the lack of DNA barcodes of closely related species and the absence of convincing diagnostic characters in morphology. 

Three morphologically and genetically confirmed new Pleurota species from Morocco (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
JUKKA TABELL ◽  
MARKO MUTANEN ◽  
PASI SIHVONEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Three new Pleurota species (Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae) from Morocco, which form a species complex, are described: P. variocolor Tabell, sp. nov., P. azrouensis Tabell, sp. nov., and P. ternaria Tabell, sp. nov. Species are diagnosable by wing pattern and they have distinct genetic divergences in DNA barcodes, while genitalia structures are uniform and less informative. DNA barcodes of the new species are compared with those of all other Pleurotinae available in BOLD database. Each of the newly described species has a unique BIN (Barcode Index Number). Adult males and females, and their genitalia, are illustrated. Life histories of new species are unknown, but two of those were collected during daytime. 

scholarly journals Chromosomal and DNA barcode analysis of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov ◽  
Alexander V. Dantchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Species Specific

The Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex comprises from 5 to 8 species distributed in southeastern Europe and southern Siberia. Here we used chromosomal and DNA-barcode markers in order to test the taxonomic hypotheses previously suggested for this complex. We revealed that all taxa within this group demonstrate chromosomal stasis and share the same or very similar haploid chromosome number (n = 66 or n = 67). This finding is unexpected since the karyotypes are known to be very diverse and species-specific within the other taxa of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822. Analysis of the mitochondrial gene COI revealed six diverged clusters of individuals within the complex. Each cluster has a specific geographic distribution and is characterized by distinct morphological features in the wing pattern. The clusters mostly (but not always) correlate with traditionally recognized species. As a result of our study, we describe a new subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides zarmitanussubsp. nov. from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and show that the taxon originally described as Lycaena kindermanni var. melania Staudinger, 1886 represents a subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides melanius (Staudinger, 1886). Polyommatus (A.) samusi Korb, 2017 (syn. nov.) and P. (A.) melanius komarovi Korb, 2017 (syn. nov.) are considered here as junior subjective synonyms of P. (A.) iphigenides iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886).

scholarly journals Review of Lophomyra Schaus, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): a new combination and re-descriptions of species newly associated with ferns (Polypodiaceae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 135-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Z. Goldstein ◽  
Daniel H. Janzen ◽  
Benjamin Proshek ◽  
Tanya Dapkey ◽  
Winnie Hallwachs
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Lophomyra Schaus, 1911 (Noctuidae) is the smaller of two noctuid genera originally described by Schaus that include species recently associated with ferns (Pteridophyta), in this case Polypodiaceae, as larval food plants. Following an examination of type material and reared specimens accompanied by DNA barcode data, Lophomyra is revised to include L.tacita Schaus, 1911, L.santista (Jones, 1914), and L.commixta (Schaus, 1914), comb. n., the last of which is transferred from Chytonidia Schaus, 1914 (= Leucosigma Druce, 1908). Lophomyra is characterized based on adult and larval morphology, especially that of the male genitalia. Structures associated with the valvae are discussed with reference to dissected and in situ images. Larvae of L.commixta and L.tacita are described from images, and the recorded food plants of both species are discussed in the context of known New World noctuid pteridivores.

The multiple applications of DNA barcodes in avian evolutionary studies

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 899-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Barreira ◽  
Darío A. Lijtmaer ◽  
Pablo L. Tubaro
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Rich Data

DNA barcodes of birds are currently available for 41% of known species and for many different geographic areas; therefore, they are a rich data source to answer evolutionary questions. We review studies that have used DNA barcodes to investigate evolutionary processes in birds using diverse approaches. We also review studies that have investigated species in depth where taxonomy and DNA barcodes present inconsistencies. Species that showed low genetic interspecific divergence and lack of reciprocal monophyly either are the result of recent radiation and (or) hybridize, while species with large genetic splits in their COI sequences were determined to be more than one independent evolutionary unit. In addition, we review studies that employed large DNA barcode datasets to study the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genes and the biogeography of islands, continents, and even at a multi-continental scale. These studies showed that DNA barcodes offer high-quality data well beyond their main purpose of serving as a molecular tool for species identification.

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