Faculty Opinions recommendation of Kinesin-1 and Dynein are the primary motors for fast transport of mitochondria in Drosophila motor axons.

The pilosebaceous unit is the triad comprising of hair follicle, arrector pilli muscle, and sebaceous gland. Drug delivery to and through the hair follicles has garnered much attention of the researchers and the hair follicles represent an attractive target site via topical applications. They are bordered by capillaries and antigenpresenting cells, connected to the sebaceous glands and the bulge region of the hair follicle anchors the stem cells. The nano lipid carriers have the propensity to penetrate through the skin via transcellular route, intracellular route and follicular route. It has been established that nano lipid carriers have the potential for follicular drug delivery and provide some advantages over conventional pathways, including improved bioavailability, enhanced penetration depth, fast transport into the skin, tissue targeting and form a drug reservoir for prolonged release. This review describes the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) and related diseases and the recent lipid-based nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery to the follicular unit as well as related issues. Different types of nano lipid carriers, including ethosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nano lipid carriers (NLCs) have been reported for follicular drug delivery. Targeted drug delivery with nano-lipid carriers has the potential to augment the efficacy of drugs/bioactives to treat diseases of PSU. This review systematically introduces the activities of different formulations and the use of nano lipid carriers in treating PSU related disorders like alopecia, acne, and hirsutism.

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Excitability Properties of Distal Motor Axons in the Human Ulnar Nerve

Neurophysiology ◽

10.1007/s11062-020-09862-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 134-139

Author(s):

A. G. Kristensen ◽

K. Shibuya ◽

H. Amino ◽

S. Misawa ◽

Y. Sekiguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulnar Nerve ◽

Motor Axons

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Activation order of motor axons in electrically evoked contractions

Muscle & Nerve ◽

10.1002/mus.10117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 763-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Roger M. Enoka

Keyword(s):

Motor Axons ◽

Electrically Evoked Contractions ◽

Evoked Contractions

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“Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11030204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Ievgen Pylypchuk ◽

Roman Selyanchyn ◽

Tetyana Budnyak ◽

Yadong Zhao ◽

Mikael Lindström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knudsen Diffusion ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

Separation Processes ◽

New Approach ◽

Future Studies ◽

Different Types ◽

Molecular Sizes ◽

Fast Transport ◽

Cellulose Membranes

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.

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