Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ketamine Alters Outcome-Related Local Field Potentials in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex.

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Cognitive capacity may be reduced from inflammation, surgery, anesthesia, and pain. In this study, we hypothesized that incision-induced nociceptive input impairs attentional performance and alters neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex. Methods Attentional performance was measured in rats by using the titration variant of the 5-choice serial reaction time to determine the effect of surgical incision and anesthesia in a visual attention task. Neuronal activity (single spike and local field potentials) was measured in the medial prefrontal cortex in animals during the task. Results Incision significantly impaired attention postoperatively (area under curve of median cue duration-time 97.2 ± 56.8 [n = 9] vs. anesthesia control 25.5 ± 14.5 s-days [n = 9], P = 0.002; effect size, η2 = 0.456). Morphine (1 mg/kg) reduced impairment after incision (area under curve of median cue duration-time 31.6 ± 36.7 [n = 11] vs. saline 110 ± 64.7 s-days [n = 10], P < 0.001; η2 = 0.378). Incision also decreased cell activity (n = 24; 1.48 ± 0.58 vs. control, 2.93 ± 2.02 bursts/min; P = 0.002; η2 = 0.098) and local field potentials (n = 28; η2 = 0.111) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions These results show that acute postoperative nociceptive input from incision reduces attention-related task performance and decreases neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Decreased neuronal activity suggests nociceptive input is more than just a distraction because neuronal activity increases during audiovisual distraction with similar behavioral impairment. This suggests that nociceptive input and the medial prefrontal cortex may contribute to attentional impairment and mild cognitive dysfunction postoperatively. In this regard, pain may affect postoperative recovery and return to normal activities through attentional impairment by contributing to lapses in concentration for routine and complex tasks.

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A Model of the Differential Representation of Signal Novelty in the Local Field Potentials and Spiking Activity of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Neural Computation ◽

10.1162/neco_a_00388 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 157-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jung Hoon Lee ◽

Joji Tsunada ◽

Yale E. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Local Field ◽

Local Field Potentials ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Negative Feedback Loops ◽

Neurophysiological Studies ◽

Different Types ◽

Types Of Information ◽

Spiking Activity

Local field potentials (LFPs) and spiking activity reflect different types of information procssing. For example, neurophysiological studies indicate that signal novelty in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is differentially represented by LFPs and spiking activity: LFPs habituate to repeated stimulus presentations, whereas spiking activity does not. The neural mechanisms that allow for this differential representation between LFPs and spiking activity are not clear. Here, we model and simulate LFPs and spiking activity of neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in order to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this differential representation. We demonstrate that dynamic negative-feedback loops cause LFPs to habituate in response to repeated presentations of the same stimulus while spiking activity is maintained. This disassociation between LFPs and spiking activity may be a mechanism by which LFPs code stimulus novelty, whereas spiking activity carries abstract information, such as category membership and decision-related activity.

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Single trial decoding of visual attention from local field potentials in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/15.12.228 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Guillaume Doucet ◽

Sebastien Tremblay ◽

Roberto Gulli ◽

Florian Pieper ◽

Adam Sachs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Local Field ◽

Local Field Potentials ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Single Trial ◽

Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Prediction error signaling explains neuronal mismatch responses in the medial prefrontal cortex

PLoS Biology ◽

10.1371/journal.pbio.3001019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. e3001019

Author(s):

Lorena Casado-Román ◽

Guillermo V. Carbajal ◽

David Pérez-González ◽

Manuel S. Malmierca

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Auditory System ◽

Local Field ◽

Prediction Error ◽

Time Course ◽

Local Field Potentials ◽

Predictive Processing ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Deviance Detection ◽

Spiking Activity

The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a key biomarker of automatic deviance detection thought to emerge from 2 cortical sources. First, the auditory cortex (AC) encodes spectral regularities and reports frequency-specific deviances. Then, more abstract representations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) allow to detect contextual changes of potential behavioral relevance. However, the precise location and time asynchronies between neuronal correlates underlying this frontotemporal network remain unclear and elusive. Our study presented auditory oddball paradigms along with “no-repetition” controls to record mismatch responses in neuronal spiking activity and local field potentials at the rat medial PFC. Whereas mismatch responses in the auditory system are mainly induced by stimulus-dependent effects, we found that auditory responsiveness in the PFC was driven by unpredictability, yielding context-dependent, comparatively delayed, more robust and longer-lasting mismatch responses mostly comprised of prediction error signaling activity. This characteristically different composition discarded that mismatch responses in the PFC could be simply inherited or amplified downstream from the auditory system. Conversely, it is more plausible for the PFC to exert top-down influences on the AC, since the PFC exhibited flexible and potent predictive processing, capable of suppressing redundant input more efficiently than the AC. Remarkably, the time course of the mismatch responses we observed in the spiking activity and local field potentials of the AC and the PFC combined coincided with the time course of the large-scale MMN-like signals reported in the rat brain, thereby linking the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels of automatic deviance detection.

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Prediction error signaling explains neuronal mismatch responses in the medial prefrontal cortex

10.1101/778928 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorena Casado-Román ◽

Guillermo V. Carbajal ◽

David Pérez-González ◽

Manuel S. Malmierca

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Auditory System ◽

Local Field ◽

Prediction Error ◽

Time Course ◽

Local Field Potentials ◽

Predictive Processing ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Deviance Detection ◽

Spiking Activity

AbstractThe mismatch negativity (MMN) is a key biomarker of automatic deviance detection thought to emerge from two cortical sources. First, the auditory cortex (AC) encodes spectral regularities and reports frequency-specific deviances. Then, more abstract representations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) allow to detect contextual changes of potential behavioral relevance. However, the precise location and time asynchronies between neuronal correlates underlying this fronto-temporal network remain unclear and elusive. Our study presented auditory oddball paradigms along with ‘no-repetition’ controls to record mismatch responses in neuronal spiking activity and local field potentials at the rat medial PFC. Whereas mismatch responses in the auditory system are mainly induced by stimulus-dependent effects, we found that auditory responsiveness in the PFC was driven by unpredictability, yielding context-dependent, comparatively delayed, more robust and longer-lasting mismatch responses mostly comprised of prediction error signaling activity. This characteristically different composition discarded that mismatch responses in the PFC could be simply inherited or amplified downstream from the auditory system. Conversely, it is more plausible for the PFC to exert top-down influences on the AC, since the PFC exhibited flexible and potent predictive processing, capable of suppressing redundant input more efficiently than the AC. Remarkably, the time course of the mismatch responses we observed in the spiking activity and local field potentials of the AC and the PFC combined coincided with the time course of the large-scale MMN-like signals reported in the rat brain, thereby linking the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels of automatic deviance detection.

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Activity Patterns in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus during and after Awakening from Etomidate Anesthesia

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0b013e3181dc1db7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sergejus Butovas ◽

Uwe Rudolph ◽

Rachel Jurd ◽

Cornelius Schwarz ◽

Bernd Antkowiak

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Local Field ◽

Local Field Potentials ◽

Type A ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Wild Type ◽

Theta Band ◽

Acid Type

Background The anesthetic properties of etomidate are largely mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. There is evidence for the existence of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subtypes in the brain, which respond to small concentrations of etomidate. After awakening from anesthesia, these subtypes are expected to cause cognitive dysfunction for a yet unknown period of time. The corresponding patterns of brain electrical activity and the molecular identity of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors contributing to these actions remain to be elucidated. Methods Anesthesia was induced in wild-type and beta3(N265M) knock-in mice by intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg etomidate. Local field potentials were recorded simultaneously in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus using chronically implanted electrode arrays. Local field potentials were sampled before, during, and after anesthesia. Results In the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of wild-type mice, intravenous bolus injection of etomidate evoked isoelectric baselines and subsequent burst suppression. These effects were largely attenuated by the beta3(N265M) mutation. During emergence from anesthesia, power density in the theta band (5-15 Hz) transiently increased in the hippocampus of wild types, but not in the mutants, indicating that this action was caused by the receptors harboring beta3 subunits. In both genotypes, etomidate produced a long-lasting (> 1 h after recovery of righting reflexes) decrease in theta-peak frequency. Significant slowing of theta activity was apparent in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Conclusions Etomidate-induced patterns of brain activity during deep anesthesia mostly involve actions at beta3 containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. During the postanesthesia period, altered theta-band activity indicates ongoing anesthetic action.

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