scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Leadership in Facilitating Change to Improve Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Experiences in Seven High Income Countries in the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Morris ◽  
Maureen Seguin ◽  
Susan Landon ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Ellen Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
High Income

scholarly journals The role of leadership in driving change in cancer survival outcomes in seven high income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Morris ◽  
M Seguin ◽  
M McKee ◽  
E Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Income ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Cancer Agency

Abstract Background There is well-established variation in cancer survival across high-income countries with seemingly-similar health systems. There is much research on reasons for these differences, but the role of leadership has been under-researched despite being one of the WHO 'building blocks' that underpin a functioning health system. Leadership is variously defined as including governance, stewardship, responsibility and accountability. As part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership, this study looked at these diverse aspects of leadership to identify drivers of change and improvement across a range of high-income countries. Methods Cancer strategy documents were analysed from 22 jurisdictions: Australia (3 states), Canada (10 provinces), Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and UK (4 countries). Key informants in 15 of these jurisdictions, representing a range of stakeholders, were recruited through a combination of purposive and 'snowball' strategies, and invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Documents and interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Different facets of leadership emerged: diffused vs centralised (including the central role of a cancer agency in some places); national, regional and local leadership structures; links between primary and secondary care. This study, however, demonstrated a central role for sustained leadership and political commitment, crucial for initiating and maintaining progress, as was a coherent vision that supported the implementation of national policies locally. Clinical leadership emerged as vital for translating policy into action. Conclusions Improving cancer outcomes is challenging and complex but is unlikely to be achieved without effective leadership and sustained political commitment that can create effective co-ordination of care. Key messages Different facets of leadership of the cancer care system emerged as important when exploring the reasons for variations in cancer outcomes in high-income countries. The persistence of these variations is unacceptable. Change will require political commitment and effective leadership, especially by clinicians.

scholarly journals Lung cancer survival trend in Umbria, Italy, 1994-2016: preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ostorero ◽  
A Gili ◽  
S Violi ◽  
F Stracci
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Lung Cancer Survival

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of death for cancer (18.4%). During the last 30 years, lung cancer incidence and mortality increased in women and decreased in men, because of tobacco smoking exposure. Population survival trend reflects both the influence of disease severity at diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. Some studies reported an increase in global lung cancer survival and linked it to new treatment options. However, change in the overall survival may also reflect a shift towards morphologies with more favorable prognosis. We analyzed overall and morphology specific survival trends for lung cancer to gain insight on the role of new treatments and changing exposures. Methods We analyzed lung cancer 1 y-survival and 3 y-survival after diagnosis in Umbria (890'000 inhabitants) in the period 1994-2016. Population-based data were obtained from the Umbrian Cancer Registry (RTUP), Italy. We estimated relative net survival (Pohar-Perme approach) stratified both for sex and histotype (NSCLC, SCLC, NOS), considering six diagnostic periods from 1994 to 2016 (4 years for period, except 3 in the last one) for 5'268 lung cancer cases (26% women). Results Overall survival by gender resulted 40,5% (1y) and 16.5% (3y) in men, 47,3% (1y) and 23,2% (3y) in women. NSCLC survival increased in women during the period 1994-2016 from 41% to 53% (1y) and from 23% to 33% (3y), and remained unchanged in men. SCLC 3 year-survival did not change significantly neither in women nor in men. Conclusions We did not observe a significant increase in lung cancer survival over a 25 years period. We observed a significant increase in survival probabilities for NSCLC among women only. Thus, our data don't confirm a major role of new treatments in improving lung cancer control. We will provide further analyses for adenocarcinoma and a comparison of incidence and mortality trends to understand the influence of exposures and treatments on survival. Key messages A general increase in lung cancer survival, as could be expected after the introduction of new highly effective treatments is not present in western countries. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoking and environmental pollution remain the main intervention to improve lung cancer control.

scholarly journals SYK Allelic Loss and the Role of Syk-Regulated Genes in Breast Cancer Survival

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e87610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blancato ◽  
Ashley Graves ◽  
Banafsheh Rashidi ◽  
Maria Moroni ◽  
Leopold Tchobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Allelic Loss

Inflammatory Breast Cancer Survival: The Role of Obesity and Menopausal Status at Diagnosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shine Chang ◽  
Julie R. Alderfer ◽  
Lina Asmar ◽  
Aman U. Buzdar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival

scholarly journals Androgen receptor expression predicts breast cancer survival: the role of genetic and epigenetic events

BMC Cancer ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Peters ◽  
Stacey L Edwards ◽  
Shalima S Nair ◽  
Juliet D French ◽  
Peter J Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Androgen Receptor Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Events

The role of glutathione-related genes in lung cancer survival

Lung Cancer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S14
Author(s):  
P. Yang ◽  
A. Yokomizo ◽  
R. Marks ◽  
T. Lesnick ◽  
J. Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Survival
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