Late Positive Potential in Bipolar Disorder Reflecting Emotional Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with psychopathic traits display deficits in emotional processing. A key event-related potential component involved in emotional processing is the late positive potential (LPP). In healthy controls, LPP amplitude is greater in response to negative stimuli than to positive or neutral stimuli. In the current study, we aimed to compare LPP amplitudes between individuals with psychopathic traits and control subjects when presented with negative, positive or neutral stimuli. We hypothesized that LPP amplitude evoked by emotional stimuli would be reduced in individuals with psychopathic traits compared to healthy controls.MethodsAfter a systematic review of the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare LPP amplitude elicited by emotional stimuli in individuals with psychopathic traits and healthy controls.ResultsIndividuals with psychopathic traits showed significantly reduced LPP amplitude evoked by negative stimuli (mean effect size = −0.47; 95% CI −0.60 to −0.33; p < 0.005) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences between groups were observed for the processing of positive (mean effect size = −0.15; 95% CI −0.42 to 0.12; p = 0.28) and neutral stimuli (mean effect size = −0.12; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.07; p = 0.21).ConclusionsMeasured by LPP amplitude, individuals with psychopathic traits displayed abnormalities in the processing of emotional stimuli with negative valence whereas processing of stimuli with positive and neutral valence was unchanged as compared with healthy controls.

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Frontal Theta Oscillation as a Mechanism for Implicit Gender Stereotype Control: Electrophysiological Evidence From an Extrinsic Affective Simon Task

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2020.573187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Jia ◽

Mengru Cheng ◽

Billy Sung ◽

Cheng Wang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Simon Task ◽

Late Positive Potential ◽

Gender Stereotype ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Positive Potential ◽

Theta Oscillation ◽

Time Frequency

Previous research has indicated that frontal midline theta (FMθ) reflects a domain-general cognitive control mechanism of the prefrontal cortex. Brain imaging studies have shown that the inhibition of implicit stereotypes was dependent on this domain-general cognitive control mechanism. Based on this knowledge, the present study investigated the neural oscillatory correlates of implicit gender stereotype control in an extrinsic affective Simon task (EAST) using electrophysiological methods. Participants in this task conducted verification to white gender names and colored gender traits, and their behavioral response and electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded during their performances. As predicted, stereotype-inconsistent trials resulted in reduced response accuracies and slower response times than stereotype-consistent trials. For the event-related potential (ERP) results, the enhanced performance of stereotype-inconsistent trials was accompanied by an enhanced N400 amplitude but an attenuated late positive potential amplitude. In contrast, early attentional components such as P2 and N2 as well as their amplitudes were impacted by the experimental manipulations and individual differences in gender factors. In addition, based on time–frequency (TF) analysis, we found that the enhanced performance of stereotype-inconsistent trials was also accompanied by an event-related synchronization on the frontal theta oscillation. This frontal theta appeared at a late processing stage and persisted across a time window from N400 to late positive potential. Additionally, this enhanced frontal theta effect was not modulated by the experimental manipulations and individual differences in gender factors. Based on these findings, the feature of frontal theta oscillation in the implicit gender stereotype control process was discussed.

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Distinct patterns of dysfunctional appetitive and aversive motivation in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: An event-related potential study.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 576-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William P. Horan ◽

Jonathan K. Wynn ◽

Greg Hajcak ◽

Lori Altshuler ◽

Michael F. Green

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Potential Study ◽

Aversive Motivation

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Estimating statistical power for event-related potential studies using the late positive potential

10.1101/574368 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kyla D. Gibney ◽

George Kypriotakis ◽

Paul M. Cinciripini ◽

Jason D. Robinson ◽

Jennifer A. Minnix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Late Positive Potential ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Affective Neuroscience ◽

Positive Potential ◽

Lower Effect ◽

And Shifts ◽

No Gold Standard

ABSTRACTThe late positive potential (LPP) is a common measurement used to study emotional processes of subjects in event-related potential (ERP) paradigms. Despite its extensive use in affective neuroscience, there is presently no gold standard for how to appropriately power ERP studies using the LPP in within-subject and between-subjects experimental designs. The present study investigates how the number of trials, number of subjects, and magnitude of the effect size affect statistical power in analyses of the LPP. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ERP experiments with varying numbers of trials, subjects, and effect sizes, we measured the probability of obtaining a statistically significant effect in 1,489 different experiments repeated 1,000 times each. Predictably, our results showed that statistical power increases with increasing numbers of trials and subjects and at larger effect sizes. In addition, we found that higher levels of statistical power can be achieved with lower numbers of subjects and trials and at lower effect sizes in within-subject than in between-subjects designs. Furthermore, we found that, as subjects are added to an experiment, the slope of the relationship between effect size and statistical power increases and shifts to the left until the power asymptotes to nearly 100% at higher effect sizes. This suggests that adding more subjects greatly increases statistical power at lower effect sizes (<1 µV) compared with more robust (>1.5 µV) effect sizes.

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