Abnormalities of the late positive potential during emotional processing in individuals with psychopathic traits: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2085-2095
Author(s):  
William Vallet ◽  
Antoine Hone-Blanchet ◽  
Jerome Brunelin
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Negative Stimuli

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with psychopathic traits display deficits in emotional processing. A key event-related potential component involved in emotional processing is the late positive potential (LPP). In healthy controls, LPP amplitude is greater in response to negative stimuli than to positive or neutral stimuli. In the current study, we aimed to compare LPP amplitudes between individuals with psychopathic traits and control subjects when presented with negative, positive or neutral stimuli. We hypothesized that LPP amplitude evoked by emotional stimuli would be reduced in individuals with psychopathic traits compared to healthy controls.MethodsAfter a systematic review of the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare LPP amplitude elicited by emotional stimuli in individuals with psychopathic traits and healthy controls.ResultsIndividuals with psychopathic traits showed significantly reduced LPP amplitude evoked by negative stimuli (mean effect size = −0.47; 95% CI −0.60 to −0.33; p < 0.005) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences between groups were observed for the processing of positive (mean effect size = −0.15; 95% CI −0.42 to 0.12; p = 0.28) and neutral stimuli (mean effect size = −0.12; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.07; p = 0.21).ConclusionsMeasured by LPP amplitude, individuals with psychopathic traits displayed abnormalities in the processing of emotional stimuli with negative valence whereas processing of stimuli with positive and neutral valence was unchanged as compared with healthy controls.

scholarly journals Altered emotion regulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder as evidenced by the late positive potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paul ◽  
D. Simon ◽  
T. Endrass ◽  
N. Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background.Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with marked anxiety, which triggers repetitive behaviours or mental rituals. The persistence of pathological anxiety and maladaptive strategies to reduce anxiety point to altered emotion regulation. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related brain potential (ERP) that reflects sustained attention to emotional stimuli and is sensitive to emotion-regulation instructions. We hypothesized that patients with OCD show altered electrocortical responses during reappraisal of stimuli triggering their symptoms.Method.To test our hypothesis, ERPs to disorder-relevant, generally aversive and neutral pictures were recorded while participants were instructed to either maintain or reduce emotional responding using cognitive distraction or cognitive reappraisal.Results.Relative to healthy controls, patients with OCD showed enhanced LPPs in response to disorder-relevant pictures, indicating their prioritized processing. While both distraction and reappraisal successfully reduced the LPP in healthy controls, patients with OCD failed to show corresponding LPP modulation during cognitive reappraisal despite successfully reduced subjective arousal ratings.Conclusions.The results point to sustained attention towards emotional stimuli during cognitive reappraisal in OCD and suggest that abnormal emotion regulation should be integrated in models of OCD.

Deconstructing Reappraisal: Descriptions Preceding Arousing Pictures Modulate the Subsequent Neural Response

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Foti ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Pictures

The late positive potential (LPP) is a sustained positive deflection in the event-related potential that is larger following the presentation of emotional compared to neutral visual stimuli. Recent studies have indicated that the magnitude of the LPP is sensitive to emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal, which involves generating an alternate interpretation of emotional stimuli so that they are less negative. It is unclear, however, whether reappraisal-related reductions in the LPP reflect reduced emotional processing or increased cognitive demands following reappraisal instructions. In the present study, we sought to examine whether a more or less negative description preceding the presentation of unpleasant images would similarly modulate the LPP. The LPP was recorded from 26 subjects as they viewed unpleasant and neutral International Affective Picture System images. All participants heard a brief description of the upcoming picture; prior to unpleasant images, this description was either more neutral or more negative. Following the more neutral description, the magnitude of the LPP, unpleasant ratings, and arousal ratings were all reliably reduced. These results indicate that changes in narrative are sufficient to modulate the electrocortical response to the initial viewing of emotional pictures, and are discussed in terms of recent studies on reappraisal and emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Estimating statistical power for event-related potential studies using the late positive potential

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla D. Gibney ◽  
George Kypriotakis ◽  
Paul M. Cinciripini ◽  
Jason D. Robinson ◽  
Jennifer A. Minnix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
No Gold Standard

ABSTRACTThe late positive potential (LPP) is a common measurement used to study emotional processes of subjects in event-related potential (ERP) paradigms. Despite its extensive use in affective neuroscience, there is presently no gold standard for how to appropriately power ERP studies using the LPP in within-subject and between-subjects experimental designs. The present study investigates how the number of trials, number of subjects, and magnitude of the effect size affect statistical power in analyses of the LPP. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ERP experiments with varying numbers of trials, subjects, and effect sizes, we measured the probability of obtaining a statistically significant effect in 1,489 different experiments repeated 1,000 times each. Predictably, our results showed that statistical power increases with increasing numbers of trials and subjects and at larger effect sizes. In addition, we found that higher levels of statistical power can be achieved with lower numbers of subjects and trials and at lower effect sizes in within-subject than in between-subjects designs. Furthermore, we found that, as subjects are added to an experiment, the slope of the relationship between effect size and statistical power increases and shifts to the left until the power asymptotes to nearly 100% at higher effect sizes. This suggests that adding more subjects greatly increases statistical power at lower effect sizes (<1 µV) compared with more robust (>1.5 µV) effect sizes.

scholarly journals Changes in face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine: an ERP study

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Akdeniz ◽  
Sadiye Gumusyayla ◽  
Gonul Vural ◽  
Hesna Bektas ◽  
Orhan Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Migraine is a multifactorial brain disorder characterized by recurrent disabling headache attacks. One of the possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of migraine may be a decrease in inhibitory cortical stimuli in the primary visual cortex attributable to cortical hyperexcitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates underlying face and face pareidolia processing in terms of the event-related potential (ERP) components, N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250, in patients with migraine. In total, 40 patients with migraine without aura, 23 patients with migraine and aura, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. We recorded ERPs during the presentation of face and face pareidolia images. N170, VPP, and N250 mean amplitudes and latencies were examined. N170 was significantly greater in patients with migraine with aura than in healthy controls. VPP amplitude was significantly greater in patients with migraine without aura than in healthy controls. The face stimuli evoked significantly earlier VPP responses to faces (168.7 ms, SE = 1.46) than pareidolias (173.4 ms, SE = 1.41) in patients with migraine with aura. We did not find a significant difference between N250 amplitude for face and face pareidolia processing. A significant difference was observed between the groups for pareidolia in terms of N170 [F(2,86) = 14,75, P < 0.001] and VPP [F(2,86) = 16.43, P < 0.001] amplitudes. Early ERPs are a valuable tool to study the neural processing of face processing in patients with migraine to demonstrate visual cortical hyperexcitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Event-related potentials (ERPs) are important for understanding face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine. N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250 ERPs were investigated. N170 was revealed as a potential component of cortical excitability for face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine.

scholarly journals Personality and emotional processing: A relationship between extraversion and the late positive potential in adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany C. Speed ◽  
Brady D. Nelson ◽  
Greg Perlman ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Roman Kotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Positive Potential

scholarly journals Estimating statistical power for event‐related potential studies using the late positive potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla D. Gibney ◽  
George Kypriotakis ◽  
Paul M. Cinciripini ◽  
Jason D. Robinson ◽  
Jennifer A. Minnix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Positive Potential

Psychopathic Traits, Inhibition, and Positive and Negative Emotion: Results from an Emotional Go/No-Go Task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Frances Fournier ◽  
Julia Blayne McDonald ◽  
Peter E Clayson ◽  
Edelyn Verona
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials

Inhibitory control, the ability to stop or prevent an action, is of relevance to disorders marked by increased disinhibition and impulsivity, including some facets of psychopathy. Because aspects of cognitive control (including inhibitory control) and emotion are theorized to compete for processing resources, emotional conditions may exacerbate aggressive, impulsive, and potentially harmful behaviors. The present study examined relationships between specific facets of psychopathy and inhibitory control in the context of positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli in a community sample using event-related potentials during an emotional-linguistic Go/No-Go task. Results indicated distinct cognition-emotion interactions for each facet of psychopathy. High scorers on the interpersonal facet exhibited decreased inhibitory processing in the presence of emotional stimuli, and decreased emotional processing in the presence of inhibitory demands, suggesting reciprocal interference between cognition and emotion. Higher scores on the callous affect facet were associated with lower emotion and inhibition processing, except when stimuli were most engaging (emotional No-Go trials). Higher lifestyle facet scores related to reciprocal facilitation between inhibition and emotion processing. Finally, higher scores on the antisocial facet were associated with poorer behavioral inhibition overall. Results provide novel evidence for interactions between affective processing and cognitive control among individuals high on distinct psychopathic traits.

Response-locked component of error monitoring in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of error-related negativity/positivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Vallet ◽  
Cecilia Neige ◽  
Sabine MOUCHET-MAGES ◽  
Jerome Brunelin ◽  
Simon Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Analysis Of Error ◽  
Etiological Heterogeneity ◽  
Personality Construct

Prior findings reported that externalizing behaviors are closely related to disturbances in error monitoring. It has been suggested that these impairments are not applied to individuals with psychopathy. However, mixed results are reported in the field considering the etiological heterogeneity of the psychopathy construct. Most of the scales for the assessment of psychopathic traits use a modern conception of psychopathy. This conception suggests a pathological personality construct comprising factor conceptualization rather than a unitary construct. Deficits in error-related processing measures with event-related potential components are reported among individuals with psychopathy, but it is unclear whether these deficits are modulated by an interpersonal-affective or an impulsive-antisocial dimension

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