DESKRIPSI KLON TANAMAN UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz) YANG DITANAM PETANI DI ENAM KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Dany Pranowo

doi:10.35450/jip.v9i03.249

DESKRIPSI KLON TANAMAN UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz) YANG DITANAM PETANI DI ENAM KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan ◽

10.35450/jip.v9i03.249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Dany Pranowo

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

International Institute ◽

Tropical Agriculture ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengumpulan data klon ubi kayu dengan melakukan survei di Way Kanan, Lampung Tengah, Lampung Utara, Pringsewu, Tanggamus, dan Metro). Penentuan kabupaten sampel dilakukan dengan metode acak terarah berdasarkan luasan budidaya. Pengambilan sampel desa dilakukan melalui rancangan sampling non-probablitas, yaitu sampling kebetulan (accidental sampling). Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada petani yang dijumpai di lokasi penelitian meliputi nama lokal, umur tanaman, dan penggunaan klon yang dibudidayaka. Data deskripsi karakteristik morfologis karakteristik vegetatif didapatkan melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan standarisasi yang ditetapkan oleh International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) yaitu “Selected Morphological and Agronomic Descriptors for the Characterization of Cassava” oleh Fukuda, dkk. (2010). Ditemukan 15 klon dari 6 kabupaten/kota, di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah ditemui 3 klon ubi kayu (Barokah, Thailand, dan Kasesat), Tanggamus 2 klon (Martapuro dan Baturaja), Pringsewu 2 klon ( Melati dan Pringsewu-1), Way Kanan 3 Klon (S.R. Lowo, Way Kanan -1 dan Way Kanan-2), Kota Metro 2 klon (Manalagi dan Klenteng) dan di Lampung Utara ditemui 3 klon (Roti, Udang, dan Ketan). Analisis klaster dilakukan untuk mengetahui struktur populasi suatu kelompok individu termasuk kemiripan (similarity) atau jarak genetik (distance) dan penyebaran kelompok tertentu dalam populasi dengan menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 23. Terdapat 8 level, klon yang memiliki tingkat kesamaan karakter terbesar adalah klon Martapuro dan S.R Lowo.

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Sexual dimorphism and the effect of wild introgressions on recombination in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding germplasm

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1093/g3journal/jkab372 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel W Chan ◽

Seren S Villwock ◽

Amy L Williams ◽

Jean-Luc Jannink

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

International Institute ◽

Tropical Agriculture ◽

Recombination Rates ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Suppressed Recombination ◽

Manihot Glaziovii ◽

Breeding Germplasm

Abstract Recombination has essential functions in meiosis, evolution, and breeding. The frequency and distribution of crossovers dictate the generation of new allele combinations and can vary across species and between sexes. Here, we examine recombination landscapes across the 18 chromosomes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with respect to male and female meioses and known introgressions from the wild relative Manihot glaziovii. We used SHAPEIT2 and duoHMM to infer crossovers from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data and a validated multi-generational pedigree from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) cassava breeding germplasm consisting of 7,020 informative meioses. We then constructed new genetic maps and compared them to an existing map previously constructed by the International Cassava Genetic Map Consortium (ICGMC). We observed higher recombination rates in females compared to males, and lower recombination rates in M. glaziovii introgression segments on chromosomes 1 and 4, with suppressed recombination along the entire length of the chromosome in the case of the chromosome 4 introgression. Finally, we discuss hypothesized mechanisms underlying our observations of heterochiasmy and crossover suppression and discuss the broader implications for plant breeding.

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Sexual dimorphism and the effect of wild introgressions on recombination in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding germplasm

10.1101/2021.09.22.461431 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Luc Jannink ◽

Ariel W. Chan ◽

Seren St. Clair Villwock ◽

Amy L Williams

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

International Institute ◽

Tropical Agriculture ◽

Recombination Rates ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Suppressed Recombination ◽

Manihot Glaziovii ◽

Breeding Germplasm

Recombination has essential functions in meiosis, evolution, and breeding. The frequency and distribution of crossovers dictate the generation of new allele combinations and can vary across species and between sexes. Here, we examine recombination landscapes across the 18 chromosomes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with respect to male and female meioses and known introgressions from the wild relative Manihot glaziovii. We used SHAPEIT2 and duoHMM to infer crossovers from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data and a validated multi-generational pedigree from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) cassava breeding germplasm consisting of 7,020 informative meioses. We then constructed new genetic maps and compared them to an existing map previously constructed by the International Cassava Genetic Map Consortium (ICGMC). We observed higher recombination rates in females compared to males, and lower recombination rates in M. glaziovii introgression segments on chromosomes 1 and 4, with suppressed recombination along the entire length of the chromosome in the case of the chromosome 4 introgression. Finally, we discuss hypothesized mechanisms underlying our observations of heterochiasmy and crossover suppression and discuss the broader implications for plant breeding.

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