manihot esculenta crantz
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2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ramí́rez-Camejo

Abstract Endophytic fungi are a ubiquituos group that colonize all plant species on earth. Studies comparing the location of endophytic fungi within the leaves and the sampling time in Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) are limited. In this study, mature leaves of M. esculenta from Panama were collected in order to compare the cultivable diversity of endophytic fungi and to determine their distribution within the leaves. A total of one hundred sixty endophytes belonging to 97 species representing 13 genera and 8 morphospecies determined as mycelia sterilia that containing 63 isolates were isolated. Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Periconia, and mycelia sterilia 1 and 3 were the most predominant isolated endophytes. We detected that endophytes varied across the sampling time, but not amongst locations within leaves. The endophytes composition across sampling and the location of endophytes within leaf was similar, except for Periconia and mycelia sterilia 3 and 7. The data generated in this study contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Panama, and establish the bases for future research focused on understanding the function of endophytes in M. esculenta crops.


2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Humberto Godoy Androcioli ◽  
◽  
Adriano Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Laura Jane Gisloti ◽  
Ana Beatriz Kawashima ◽  
...  

The cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crop is relevant for human livelihoods, particularly in poorer regions. It is consumed fresh or as industrialized flour, and the roots and aerial parts are also used to feed livestock. Pests may limit cassava production, which may endanger food security due to the socioeconomic importance of the crop. Reports of the occurrence of three insect guilds, lace bugs, shoot flies, and whiteflies have been recorded in Paraná State, Brazil, but the distinct species and their distribution are yet to be determined. This lack of information limits the development of strategies to mitigate pest damage. Surveys were conducted in 39 counties (four farms per county) distributed throughout the state that encompass the various socioeconomic regions. The collected material was properly packed and sent to the laboratory for identification, and the following species were identified: lace bugs Vatiga illudens Drake, 1922 and Vatiga manihotae Drake, 1922 (both Hemiptera: Tingidae); whiteflies Bemisia tuberculata (Bondar, 1923) and Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886) (both Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the cassava shoot fly Neosilba perezi Romero & Ruppel, 1973 (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) in Paraná State. Lace bugs were not found in the samples in the eastern and southern portions of the state. V. illudens was more widespread than V. manihotae. The whitefly A. aepim was not observed in three counties (eastern, southern, and central regions), whereas B. tuberculata and the cassava shoot fly were found in all regions sampled in Paraná State. Suggestions for future investigations of pest management are proposed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Ririn Angriani ◽  
Widya Hermana ◽  
Muhammad Ridla

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of cassava leaf meal with enzymes supplementation in the feed on the performance of broiler. The research used factorial completly randomized design 2x3 on 240 Cobb-strain broilers. There were 6 treatments with 2 factors is used cassava leaf meal (CLM) and enzymes (non-starch polysaccharides and protease) with each dose 250 g/ton feed, i.e. P1: basal ration, P2: basal ration with enzymes, P3: ration with 1.5% CLM, P4: ration with 1.5% CLM and enzymes, P5: ration with 3.0% CLM, P6: ration with 3.0% CLM and enzymes. The variables analyzed were body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the results indicated significantly different, then the post-hoc test conducted. The results showed that there was an interaction between CLM and enzymes on the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The addition enzymes can decrease feed conversion ratio (from 1.91 to 1.74) siginificantly (P < 0.05). Addition CLM to a level of 3.0% did not interfere with performance. Enzymes can offset the detrimental effect caused by the use cassava leaf meal in the feed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-380
Author(s):  
Filipe Schmidt Schuh ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Mariana Vaz Bisneta ◽  
Giselly Figueiredo Lacanallo ◽  
...  

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crop of high socioeconomic importance for several tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is mainly present in small cultivated areas that unintentionally guard a large part of the species' germplasm. The present work aimed to evaluate the population structure and genetic diversity of 156 traditional sweet cassava accessions from the Western of Paraná and Midwestern regions of Santa Catarina using 29 microsatellite molecular markers. All loci included were considered polymorphic, ranging from 3.00 to 7.00, with an average of 3.93 alleles per locus, and the average value of heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.6185. The polymorphism information content (PIC) presented an amplitude that varied from 0.4887 (GA134) to 0.7041 (GA131), with an average of 0.6130, while the genetic diversity ranged from 0.5688 (GA134) to 0.7424 (GA131), with an average of 0.6751. Analysis of the population structure based on the 29 microsatellite loci demonstrate that the accessions can be separated into two distinct subpopulations - in Santa Catarina and Paraná - with some mixtures observed according to Delta K = 2 groups. The ideal number of groups was found at K = 3, a level in which accessions from Santa Catarina were divided into two subpopulations and accessions from Paraná were grouped into a unique subpopulation. The genetic variability found among the traditional sweet cassava cultivars evaluated was considered wide, and the most dissimilar groups were mostly the accessions from Toledo and Santa Catarina states, constituting a source of genes for the sweet cassava breeding programs and for the development of new sweet cassava cultivars.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Emmanuel Norman ◽  
Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽  
Kumba Yannah Karim ◽  
Aloysius A. Beah

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) and yams (Dioscorea spp.) are important root and tuber crops grown for food, feed and various industrial applications. However, their genetic gain potentials are limited by breeding and genetic bottlenecks for improvement of many desired traits. This book chapter covers the applications and potential benefits of genetic modification in breeding selected outcrossing root and tuber crops. It assesses how improvement of selected root and tuber crops through genetic modification overcomes both the high heterozygosity and serious trait separation that occurs in conventional breeding, and contributes to timely achievement of improved target traits. It also assesses the ways genetic modification improves genetic gain in the root and tuber breeding programs, conclusions and perspectives. Conscious use of complementary techniques such as genetic modification in the root and tuber breeding programs can increase the selection gain by reducing the long breeding cycle and cost, as well as reliable exploitation of the heritable variation in the desired direction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Mukhlis Yahya ◽  
Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar ◽  
Darman Beriman Zega

<p align="justify"><em>This study aims to determine the adoption of farmers and the factors that influence the adoption of farmers in the use of superior varieties of Malaysian cassava. This study was conducted in Sei Rampah Sub-district, Serdang Bedagai Regency from March to May 2021. This location was chosen because it is a cassava-producing village. Determination of the sample using a random sample, ie all members of the population are assumed to have the same opportunity to be selected as the research sample. The data collection method used is observation, interviews and distributing questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. To determine the level of adoption, a Likert scale model was used and to determine the factors that influence adoption, multiple linear regression analysis models were used. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the adoption rate of farmers in the use of superior varieties of Malaysian cassava in Sei Rampah Sub-district was very, simultaneously the variables of innovation characteristics (X1), communication media (X2), the role of extension workers (X3) and the role of farmer groups (X4) together -equally significant effect on farmer adoption in the use of Malaysia cassava varieties, while partially the factors that significantly influence are the characteristics of innovation (X1), communication media (X2) and the role of farmer groups (X4) while the non-significant influence is the role of extension worker (X3).</em></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Dominggus De Lima ◽  
Ch. W. Patty

Livestock is an important component to fulfil food need and as source of protein for the community which increase annually. These research objective was to determine the type of agricultural food crop waste, how much production of dry matter, crude protein, and Total Gigability Nutrit and also to find out how much the capacity of agricultural food crop waste in the Waelata District, Buru Regency. Feedstuff development is directed to optimize the use of local feed source, in particular crops waste. The results showed that crops waste available in Waelata were dominated respectively by rice (Oryza sativa L.) 92.17 %, sweet potato (Ipomoae batatas) 2.81 %, corn (zea mays ssp.) 1.89 %, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 1.89 %, and cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) 1.12 %. Total dry matter production of the crops waste were rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2.52 tones/ha, sweet potato (Ipomoae batatas) 1.78 tone/ha, corn (zea mays ssp.) 0.63 tone/ha, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 1.67 tones/ha, and cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) 0.41 tones/ha. Capacity of crops waste to support livestock systems based on dry matter, crude protein, Total Digestible Nutrient was respectivelly e.317 UT, 263 UT, and 3.134 UT.


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