scholarly journals Resource Industries in the Post-Industrial City

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Adams ◽  
◽  
Marie Law Adams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

Resource industries are present in the post-industrial city in a mutable state, as the goods of global trade pass through as interim piles (salt, sand, and gravel), in holding tanks (petroleum), and silos (cement). The flow of resources is fundamental to urban life and shapes the urban landscape, yet engagement with this mode of industry in the city has been largely outside the realm of the design disciplines. If Reyner Banham’s Los Angeles was made legible through the mediating lens of the windshield and the rear-view mirror, then the constructed landscapes of primary resources in today’s post-industrial city are only understandable through the windshield of the front-end loader that acts as the mediator between global networks and local distribution. The material terminals that these loaders serve are not classified by permanent structures, but rather by the through put dictated by the demands of the city. This dynamic relationship of primary industry to the contemporary city is better understood through the relational terms of ecology than formal conventions of architecture. As such, the environments created by the flows of primary industry to urban centers require new modes of engagement from designers. The current architectures of such resource industries in cities- containers, sheds, fences – result from practices of use-based zoning, homeland security, and offsite mitigation, but such static structures fail to engage the dynamic dimensions of a fluid industry. In order to create a new framework, this paper analyzes the spatial and programmatic opportunities that result from re-conceiving these three regulatory conventions through an analysis of a realized project with a global marine terminal in Boston Harbor.

The City in Film

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Robertson Wojcik
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Early Cinema ◽  
Romantic Comedy ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
German Expressionism ◽  
Cinematic Space ◽  
The City

Cinema and the city are historically interrelated. The rise of cinema followed on the heels of urbanization and industrialization, and early cinema production and exhibition was largely urban. Moreover, the city has proved to be a rich and diverse cinematic setting and subject. Early cinema recorded scenes of urban life in actuality, melodrama, and City Symphonies. Gangster films, German expressionism, and Film Noir rendered an urban underworld; the musical and romantic comedy produced a more utopian view of the city; and art cinema rendered the everyday reality of urban life. Recent films imagine dystopic post-urban settings and, alternately, megacities populated by superheroes. The relationship between the cinema and the city can be examined in numerous ways. In part, cinema provides an urban archive or memory bank that reflects changes in the urban landscape. At the same time, cinema serves to produce the city, both literally—in the way that film production shapes Los Angeles, Mumbai, Rome, Hong Kong, and other centers of production—and also by producing an imaginary urbanism through the construction of both fantasy urban spaces and ideas and ideals of the city. Theorists suggest that there is an inherent urbanism to cinema. Kracauer 1997 (cited under General Overviews) claims the city, and especially the street, as exemplary and essential cinematic space, attuned to the experience of contingency, flow, and indeterminacy linked to modernity. Hansen 1999 (also cited under General Overviews) suggests that cinema worked as a kind of vernacular modernism to articulate and mediate the experience of modernity—and especially urbanization. More recently, attention to theories of space and urbanism across the academy have generated broad interest in cinematic urbanism. Much of this work brings film scholars into conversation with urban planners, geographers, and architects. Of course neither cinema nor the city is singular. Thus work on the city and film must attend to multiple global cities at different historical periods and, furthermore, consider that cinema produces multiple versions of even a single city, such as New York, as different narratives, genres, studios, directors, and individual films will each produce a different city. Some books and articles tangentially examine films set in cities. This article will include only those texts that have the urban sphere as a primary focus of their investigation.

From Compound Houses to Villas: The Incremental Transformation of Dakar’s Urban Landscape

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Emilie Pinard
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Architectural Survey ◽  
Housing Typology ◽  
The City ◽  
House Building ◽  
Constructive Logics ◽  
Spatial Logics

This paper examines the transformation of the housing typology in informal neighbourhoods located on the periphery of Dakar, Senegal. More specifically, it documents the spatial logics and factors guiding the construction of new multi-storey houses called “villas”, which are significantly transforming the landscape of the city. Studies have thus far examined villas through the lenses of migrants’ investments and lifestyles, associating these houses with new functions and decorative elements and materials inspired by time spent abroad, with innovative ways of building and dwelling that disrupt more popular housing practices. Based upon an architectural survey of seventeen houses and the detailed stories of their construction, this paper argues that while the Senegalese villa is influenced by global networks and symbols of success, it is also deeply rooted in popular housing forms and building practices. Moreover, because house-building processes are predominantly incremental, the construction of this new house type is not limited to migrants and other privileged dwellers. Although at different speeds, most residents are building and transforming their houses according to spatial and constructive logics characteristic of villas. These results have implications for housing policies and programmes because they contribute to challenging assumptions about residential production, new housing typologies and the pivotal actors of these urban transformations.

scholarly journals Nature and image: a city in the art of Chernivtsi of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Iryna Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Iconic Images ◽  
The City

The purpose of this article is to consider the peculiarities of the reflection of the city – its architecture and inhabitants – in the works of Chernivtsi artists of the 20th and early 21st century, to analyze the differences between their views on the reproduction of urban motifs. The methodology consists in the application of the historical-chronological method, art analysis, and generalization, comparative and systematic approach. The scientific novelty lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of works by artists of the specified time, in understanding the evolution in the reflection of the city in the works of authors with various artistic orientations. Conclusions. In the paintings and graphics of the 20th – 21st centuries, several options for solving urban landscapes can be defined, among which the most common is a careful reflection of existing architectural monuments. In the 19th century in European art, in particular in Impressionist painting, the desire to convey not only the appearance but above all the spirit of the city became noticeable, depicting the townspeople, emphasizing the bustle or poetry of squares and streets. At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries the artists are no longer limited to the usual fixation of what is seen, but try to create a conceptual image of the city, to tell a story through iconic images and symbols, reveal their own position in particular and to preserve the authenticity of an object or the city in general. Such a variety of approaches for creating an urban landscape is partly due to differences in preferences formed during studies in art institutions and is also characteristic for the art of Chernivtsi – a city where people of many nationalities with different cultural traditions have lived side by side for centuries. Ultimately, the artists who worked here in the 20th century were often graduates not only of Ukrainian schools or universities, but also of well-known European institutions, including Vienna, Munich, Florentine, Berlin, Kraków, or Bucharest academies. While in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century the city often appears as the sum of certain architectural structures in the works of artists of Bukovina and visiting masters (F. Emery, R. Bernt, J. Shubirs), in the second half of the 19th – first third of the 20th century the artists mostly try to recreate the dynamics of urban life instead, sometimes depicted with a touch of irony, using the grotesque in the image of the inhabitants (lithography and watercolors by F.-K. Knapp, O. Laske and G. Löwendal). Subsequently, we meet emphasized mood images, in which the author's subjective perception of a particular motive, which he seeks to reproduce in a work full of emotions, is important (L. Kopelman, G. Gorbaty). A peculiar historical retrospection is present in the exquisite graphics of O. Kryvoruchko and in the distilled-finished sheets of O. Lyubkivsky, and the lyrical watercolors and sketches of N. Yarmolchuk represent the non-festive side of the city center. In O. Litvinov's paintings Chernivtsi surprises with desolation and restraint, and in M. Rybachuk's paintings it is distinguished by an unexpected riot of colors. Therefore, each of the artists creates his own image of Chernivtsi, which landscapes often become only a stimulus for the author's imagination, allowing him to depict a completely individual sense of space and life of the city.

scholarly journals Landing Global Industry in the City

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Adams ◽  
◽  
Dan Adams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

The goods of global resource industries pass through the post-industrial city in the form of piles, pipelines, tanks, and silos. Gravel, salt, sand, cobbles, and scrap metal are some of the materials fundamental to making and maintaining the urban environment, but their physical and operational relationship to the city is largely unconsidered beyond conventional single-use zoning practices that simply isolate such resource industries from so-called incompatible uses.

City Landscape

2019 ◽  
pp. 1197-1224
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
The City

This chapter aims to describe the urban morphology of the city of Lisbon within its identity creation process throughout time, according to an ecological condition approach. Based on a new landscape interpretation model, it aims to contribute to a better understanding of the current sustainability issues of the urban landscape (as a system of systems), following an interrelated analysis of the confluence between how it functions ecologically and human occupation processes. It is, therefore, a useful contribution to spatial planning decisions and policies transposed into territorial management tools, particularly with regard to urban ecosystem services: improved urban life and the introduction of positive elements that are economically measurable for better management of the city and reduced risk.

Repercussions of Differential Deindustrialization in the City: Memory and Identity in Contemporary East Belfast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McAtackney
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

Contemporary archaeology has often combined the study of material culture with a strong social justice imperative, including examining the causes of abandonment of social housing (Buchli and Lucas 2001) and constructing lived experiences of homelessness (Zimmerman et al. 2010). Within this burgeoning field, archaeologies of cities have a significant role to play in interpreting the social implications of transition and change in the city by engaging with the spatial and temporal dimensions of material realities. By explicitly materializing the forgotten or hidden aspects of the post-industrial city, contemporary archaeology allows us to view global processes through the lens of local material expressions. Hilary Orange’s edited volume Reanimating Industrial Spaces (2014) is indicative of the current fascination in contemporary archaeology with the meaning of abandoned places of industry, the link between people and places and the often difficult transition from functional industrial places to post-industrial heritage spaces. Such volumes use a variety of methodological approaches to show how people, place and materials constitute the contemporary, post-industrial city. In doing so they reveal how contemporary archaeology has the potential to critique official narratives that frequently highlight resurgence and development while ignoring inconvenient truths of degradation, unemployment and poverty (see also Ernsten, Chapter 10). The latter experiences speak to this case study of East Belfast in Northern Ireland. For a society of its size Northern Ireland has been the subject of intense political and academic scrutiny, indeed often being accused of over-analysis to the point of exceptionalism (including Whyte 1990). Much of the research has centred on social relationships in urban areas impacted by internecine violence, however, in recent years this focus has shifted to the persisting problems of segregation and sectarianism as a remnant from the Troubles (c.1968–c.98) into the peace process. With the fifteen-year anniversary of the Belfast Agreement of 1998 (hereafter ‘the Agreement’) in 2013—a peace accord that at the time was positively greeted as the end of violence and initiating a move toward ‘normalisation’ (Irish News 2005)—there has been much debate as to the ongoing lack of substantive societal change. At the level of civic politics progress has been made, even if it has been non-linear and at times in danger of derailment.

scholarly journals The post-industrial English canalscape: from enclosure to enlacement

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110292
Author(s):  
Andrew Wallace ◽  
Katy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
State Capital ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Post Industrial

In this article we explore how the English post-industrial canal has gone from enclosed and abandoned urban ruin to thriving but contested urban landscape. We contend that canals deserve closer social scientific attention in and of themselves but also as a creative entry point for understanding the instabilities and ambivalences of contemporary urban life. We probe at three dynamics in the English context: uneven cycles of attention from state, capital and civil society that ‘revealed’ the canal over the course of the 20th century; how the contemporary canalscape is made ‘from below’ and how its unique materiality as a stretched, socio-natural waterway has been mobilised, latterly, in biopolitical ways. We note how the cultivated meaning of these previously enclosed industrial relics is now deeply entwined with the mood and mobility of urban dwellers. Methodologically, we excavate these three dimensions through a synthesis of phenomenological attunement and analysis of historical, literary and social scientific accounts.

Realising the City

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Entrepreneurial City ◽  
Football Fans ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City ◽  
Distributed Analysis

This book demonstrates how a city is constituted in the productive tension between making and realising, between directing activity and allowing for its emergence. It presents nine ethnographic accounts across Manchester UK, including residential neighbourhoods, cultural events, public spaces, the council, areas of urban regeneration and the airport. The authors examine the dynamics of power for those developing the city, experiencing such interventions and the spaces in-between. These perspectives trace the multiple dynamics of a vibrant post-industrial city, showing how people’s decisions and actions co-produce the city and give it shape. The ethnographic accounts focus on issues including self-policing (Smith), loss and de-industrialisation (Lewis), disenfranchised football fans, (Poulton), sexuality and public space (Atkins), nurturing an emergent city (Symons), defining the commons in public spaces (Lang), conflicting futures thinking (Pieri) networked urban governance (Knox), and how airport design shapes behaviour (O’Doherty). Their specificity provides grounded contexts for identifying ideological patterns and structural processes. They demonstrate the potential of ethnographies to beyond the particular. In doing so, the contributors complicate the dominant narrative of Manchester’s renaissance as an entrepreneurial city. The Afterword argues that even though a city’s future may be planned, it does not materialise as the perfect representation of its blueprint drawings, strategies or vision documents. Instead it is realised through the accumulative efforts of all those who live and work in the city. Researchers of cities can undertake a similar distributed analysis, attending to the unexpected insights that emerge through an open and discursive ethnographic process.

scholarly journals Beyond the post-industrial city: Valuing and planning for industry in London

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 3380-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ferm ◽  
Edward Jones
Keyword(s):  
Policy Framework ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

This paper examines the challenges that planners face if industry is to survive and thrive in a growing ‘post-industrial’ city. It examines London, where the difference between the value of land for residential and industrial use, and the pressure to address the housing crisis, is leading to the rapid loss of industrial land and premises. The paper first explores the role of industry in a high-value city such as London, arguing that trends in manufacturing in advanced economies are increasing the benefit for firms of an urban location, whilst at the same time, cities continue to need industry if they are to be economically and socially resilient, sustainable and vibrant. The paper then explores current approaches to planning for industry in London, identifying impacts of a policy framework that anticipates and plans for its decline. Finally, it focuses on the question of how to plan for a productive and inclusive city: we explore the arguments in favour of integrating industry into the urban fabric as well as the benefits of separating land uses and retaining employment land designations, and reveal how urbanists are divided. We argue that if London is to continue to prosper, and meet the needs of all Londoners, then we need to strategically and proactively plan for industry in the city, to experiment with innovative ways of integrating it with other city uses, whilst protecting land for industry, where required. We put forward a critical research agenda to effectively meet this challenge in the future.

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