Removal of Toxic Metals from the Body of Cows by Using Antidote Substances, with its Impact on Milk Productivity and Environmental Safety of Agroecosystems around the Industrial City in Ukraine

Toxic metals like Cd and Pb pose the greatest ecological threat to ecosystems, especially in and around the industrial cities. Four farms located around Kharkiv industrial city were chosen for scientific experiments carried out on cows feeding specially developed antidote (mineral-vitamin premix "MP-A") and subcutaneous injection of biologically active preparation "BP-9". These novelty products enhanced the urinary excretion of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn while ensuring the production of high quality environmentally safe milk. The toxicants are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood, travel across the body, accumulate in organs and tissues, and pass through urine and milk. The accumulation of Cd in the blood of tested cows in control group was, on average, from 77.94 to 101.20 nmol/L, and of Pb from 4.63 to 8.32 μmol/L. The transfer of Cd from blood to urine was, on average, 1.7%-2.0%, and of Pb 5.4-7.3%. The antidote substances contributed to the exacerbation of heavy metal extermination from the body of animals and the restoration of its homeostasis. The transfer of Cd from blood to urine averaged 3.9% to 9.5% and of Pb 37.7% to 103.5% in second experimental group of cows. The same for Cd was 7.1% to 12.7% and for Pb was 70.7% to 144.1% in third experimental group. The mineral-vitamin premix and biopreparation BP-9 blocked absorption of the pollutants into the gastrointestinal tract, strengthened the protective effects on organs, and facilitated the elimination of heavy metals through urine. Dairy productivity of animals also increased in cows of the second and third experimental groups by 17-22 kg per day compared to the control group having 14 kg per day (P<0.01).

Gynecological morbidity in girls and adolescent girls in a large industrial city

The results of randomized complex clinical andlaboratory examination of 1540 girls and juveniles are drawn, which characterize the rate and the structure of gynecological pathology under conditions of an industrial city. Gynecological morbidity proved to be closely associated with the state of somatic health in girls. Disorders of menstrualfunction occupy the most important place in the structure of gynecological pathology, dysfunctional uterine bleedings prevailing over other kinds of pathology. Anonymous questionnaire of 1700juveniles revealed some peculiarities of their reproductive and contraceptive behavior. The age of the beginning of sexual life at the average comes up to 14,6 0,5 years in the city of Ufa (an average age over Russia 16,1 years), the rate of juveniles who use adequate contraceptives being very low (9,5%). The article gives light to the problems of elaborating the system of organizational and medico-prophy lactic measures for girls and juveniles with gynecological pathology andputtingthem into practice.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND TECHNOGENIC FACTORS ON THE CONTAMINATION OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE CITY

The aim of the study is to assess the ecological state of the territory of an industrial city based on moni-toring the soil cover. In the winter period, the study of the soil cover of the urbanized territory for the con-tent of sulfates, nitrates, chlorides was carried out, and the pH values were determined. Analysis of the spatial distributions of the studied substances in the soil cover in the area of influence of a large industrial center show the variation of the content of pollutants due to the impact of anthropogenic sources; there is an excess of the background concentration for all tested ingredients. In the course of the research, it has determined that it is advisable to use data on soil pollution in the study area as a means of control-ling the impact of anthropogenic sources on the environment.

Problems of restoration and development of urban environment of old industrial centers]

The paper considers the urban development and reconstruction of industrial centers on the example of different cities. Design proposals are given for the renovation of the Russian factories and landscaping of industrial historic cities. Examples are given for the reconstruction of silk weaving enterprises near Moscow. Many factories are now in a derelict condition, and for the normal urban development need revitalization of enterprises and comprehensive improvement of adjacent areas. Thanks to the development of cloth production, small settlements in central Russia became industrial city-forming centers more than two hundred years ago. Small manufactories were transformed into large industrial complexes, and the unique exquisite fabrics surpassed the best European ones in price and quality. Russian fabrics were universally welcomed at international exhibitions, awarded with medals and long-term orders. Cities were growing, the economy was developing, housing construction helped to solve social problems, transportation and infrastructure of cities and settlements were developing. Early in the 21st century, glorious weaving factories became an integral part of historic cities, their decoration and pride. Architectural ensembles of industrial enterprises became not only monuments of the Russian cultural heritage, but also an important component of the Russian cities.

A New Approach to Solving the Problem of Atmospheric Air Pollution in the Industrial City

In order to ensure optimal operation of the existing environmental monitoring information system, it has become essential to use mathematical modeling based on the data assimilation algorithm. In this paper, a data assimilation algorithm has been designed and implemented. An algorithmic approach was tested for the assimilation of city atmosphere monitoring data from an industrial area. An industrial district of Karaganda city was selected for the investigation of the algorithm. The industrial district of Karaganda was taken as a research object due to the high level of atmospheric air pollution in industrial cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The result of our research and testing of the algorithm showed the effectiveness of the data assimilation algorithm for monitoring the atmosphere of the selected city. The practical value of the work lies on the fact that the presented results can be used to assess the state of atmospheric air in real time, to model the state of atmospheric air at each point of the city, and to determine the zone of increased environmental risk in an industrial city.

Air pollution climatology of Cochin for pollution management and abatement planning

The prevailing atmospheric condition is very important in determining the dispersion and dilution and thereby the resulting concentration of air pollutants, While high wind speed and stability conditions in general favour good inhaling of air pollutants conditions like inversion and calm winds cause for the build up of pollutants. In order to understand the different favourable and unfavourable conditions, some of the atmospheric aspects of air pollution are studied for the industrial city Cochin, situated on the west coast of India. Being a coastal city the frequency of occurrence of inversions and isothermal is not very high. Low values of mixing heights are observed in the southwest parts of the city during early morning hours, The study of spatial variation of mixing heights has revealed for the first time, that a single value of mixing height at the normal point of observation cannot be taken as a representative value for the whole city.