Outlines of the Soviet Latvian Ethnography: Fieldwork in the Post-War Period

Letonica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-90
Author(s):  
Anete Karlsone ◽  
Ilze Boldāne-Zeļenkova
Keyword(s):  
Post War

Padomju okupācijas varas periodā uzkrātais bagātais etnogrāfiskais materiāls (ekspedīciju pieraksti, fotoattēli, zīmējumi, tekstiliju paraugi u.tml.), kas glabājas Latvijas Universitātes Latvijas vēstures institūta Etnogrāfisko materiālu krātuvē (LU LVI EMK), mūsdienās tiek izmantots dažādu humanitāro, sociālo un mākslas zinātņu jomu pētījumos. Raksta uzdevums ir sniegt padziļinātu ieskatu kolekcijas izveidē – par etnogrāfiskajām ekspedīcijām padomju okupācijas apstākļos, to organizēšanas sistēmu, tēmu noteikšanu un reālo pētniecības darbu, kā arī par ekspedīciju ietvaros (vai pēc to beigām) veikto komunikāciju ar sabiedrību. Kā avots šim pētījumam izmantoti gan nepublicētie administratīvie dokumenti – sapulču protokoli, darba plāni, atskaites, rīkojumi u.tml., gan, jo īpaši, – etnogrāfisko ekspedīciju dalībnieku dienasgrāmatas, kuras glabājas LU LVI EMK, kā arī padomju etnogrāfu publikācijas. Diemžēl, ne visas kādreiz rakstītās dienasgrāmatas tika nodotas kopā ar citiem ekspedīciju pierakstiem un mūsdienās pētnieku rīcībā ir tikai 15 no tām. Līdz šim pētījumos tās nav tikušas izmantotas, lai gan tās sniedz vērtīgu materiālu par ekspedīciju darba ikdienu, pētnieciskā darba apjomu, padomju dzīves realitāti u.tml. aspektiem. Padomju Savienībā, tai skaitā arī Latvijas PSR, etnogrāfijas nozares attīstība bija iespējama tikai esot PSRS Zinātņu akadēmijas Et- nogrāfijas institūta, kā arī citu valsts iestāžu pārraudzībā gan idejiski, gan administratīvi. Lai gan padomju okupācijas vara no etnogrāfiem gaidīja, lai tie pētītu un propagandētu padomju dzīvesveidu un kultūru, Latvijas etnogrāfija spēja veidoties par spēcīgu zinātnes nozari. Etnogrāfi nosedza daudzu latviešu materiālās un nemateriālās kultūras jomu izpēti, apkopoja mūsdienu pētniekiem ļoti nozīmīgus avotus Latvijas kultūrā un vēsturē. Padomju okupācijas varas laikā regulāri organizētās etnogrāfiskās ekspedīcijas deva iespēju ne tikai savākt ievērojamu pētniecisko ma- teriālu, tai skaitā arī par padomju dzīves īstenību, bet arī popularizēt etnogrāfiju kā zinātņu nozari. Etnogrāfu veiktās aktivitātes palīdzēja pievērst sabiedrības uzmanību mūsu kultūras mantojumam, tā sagla- bāšanai un izpētei. Pētījumi etnogrāfijas jomas vēsturē vēl jāturpina, jo šajā rakstā bija iespēja pievērsties tikai nelielam fragmentam no kopumā pētāmo tēmu loka.

Links Between War-Time Trauma and Loss and Post-War Social Support: When a Moderator is an Outcome

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Layne ◽  
Brian Allen ◽  
Krys Kaniasty ◽  
Laadan Gharagozloo ◽  
John-Paul Legerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Post War

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN FORENSIC MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE ХХ CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 446-456
Author(s):  
V. V. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Chairs

The issue of development of forensic institutions of Ukraine in the ХХ century was studied. Until 1917, forensic medical examinations were conducted in the medical compartments of the provincial administrations, at the departments of forensic medicine of universities and in hospitals - by police doctors. The chairs of forensic medicine existed in the St. Vladimir Kyiv University, Kharkiv, Novorosiisk and Lviv Universities. Real organization of Ukrainian forensic medical institutions began in 1919 with the creation of the Medical Examination Department at the People’s Commissariat of Health. In 1923, the Main forensic medical inspection, headed by M. S. Bokarius, was founded. In the provinces the positions of forensic medical inspectors were created. In 1927 the sections of biological research were established in the Kharkiv, Kyiv and Odesa institutes of scientific andforensic expertise,where separate forensic examinations were conducted. In 1949 the institutions of forensic medical examination of the USSR were merged into the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, in Ukraine it was held in 1951. It was proved that forensic medical institutions developed at the following chronological stages: 1) until 1917 - forensic medical service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs; 2) 1917-1941 - prewar formation of forensic medical institutions; 3) 1941-1949 -forensic medical institutions during the war and in the first post-war years; 4) 1949-1990s - period of development of the bureau of forensic medical examinations of the countries of the USSR; 5) since the 1990s - development of expert institutions in the public health care system in independent postSoviet states. It’s stressed that formation of the forensic institutions in Ukraine is closely related with the development of forensic medicine departments of higher educational establishments. Forensic medicine departments were the basisfor practicalforensic medicine, professors provided daily assistance to forensic medical experts.

Społeczeństwo holenderskie i los Żydów: skomplikowana historia

2016 ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Dan Michman
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Western European ◽  
Post War ◽  
Of Greece

The percentage of victimization of Dutch Jewry during the Shoah is the highest of Western, Central and Southern Europe (except, perhaps of Greece), and close to the Polish one: 75%, more than 104.000 souls. The question of disproportion between the apparent favorable status of the Jews in society – they had acquired emancipation in 1796 - and the disastrous outcome of the Nazi occupation as compared to other countries in general and Western European in particular has haunted Dutch historiography of the Shoah. Who should be blamed for that outcome: the perpetrators, i.e. the Germans, the bystanders, i.e. the Dutch or the victims, i.e. the Dutch Jews? The article first surveys the answers given to this question since the beginnings of Dutch Holocaust historiography in the immediate post-war period until the debates of today and the factors that influenced the shaping of some basic perceptions on “Dutch society and the Jews”. It then proceeds to detailing several facts from the Holocaust period that are essential for an evaluation of gentile attitudes. The article concludes with the observation that – in spite of ongoing debates – the overall picture which has accumulated after decades of research will not essentially being altered. Although the Holocaust was initiated, planned and carried out from Berlin, and although a considerable number of Dutchmen helped and hid Jews and the majority definitely despised the Germans, considerable parts of Dutch society contributed to the disastrous outcome of the Jewish lot in the Netherlands – through a high amount of servility towards the German authorities, through indifference when Jewish fellow-citizens were persecuted, through economically benefiting from the persecution and from the disappearance of Jewish neighbors, and through actual collaboration (stemming from a variety of reasons). Consequently, the picture of the Holocaust in the Netherlands is multi-dimensional, but altogether puzzling and not favorable.

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