scholarly journals Constitutional right to receive qualified legal assistance in operational investigative activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gusev ◽  
Evgeniy Larin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Defence Counsel ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Investigative Process ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Investigative Activity

The article deals with the actual problems of bringing a lawyer in the protection of human rights and freedoms, in the implementation of operational investigative activities and the collection of evidence. The authors note that the formal indictment of a person follows an operative-investigative activity, which restricts his rights and freedoms. At the same time, the Federal Law “On operative-investigative activity” doesn’t contain any reference to the defence counsel (lawyer), not to mention the procedure of his participation in the protection of citizens whose right and freedoms were limited by the bodies conducting operative-investigative activity. Based on the analysis of legal acts, court decisions and scientific sources, the authors conclude that a lawyer’s participation as a defence counsel during public operative investigation measures is possible. They also believe that in order to exclude the cases of unreasonable restriction on right to get a qualified legal assistance of a person who is a subject of public operative investigation measures the Federal Law on OIA should regulate the procedure for engaging the lawyer in operative investigative process as a defence counsel. Such regulation is necessary insofar as the OIA itself is a type of activity that can be carried out publicly (Article 1 of the Federal Law on OIA) with the use of open methods and means (Article 3 of the Federal Law on OIA).

scholarly journals The role of african court on human and peoples’ rights protection: the case of libyan crises

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Getahun Kumie Antigegn
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Government

The emergence of regional human rights systems depicts one of the greatest achievements in the internationalization of human rights. The foundation of the charter paved the way for the birth of the court thereafter. The African Court is established by virtue of the 1998 protocol to the Charter and the court is built upon an arsenal of protective and remedial techniques. The establishment of the court has reset the stage and created a new platform for the protection of human rights in Africa. The cardinal objective of the paper is to investigate the role of African Court on human and Peoples’ rights protection in Libya Crises taking the case of Saif Al Islam Gaddafi. The paper has utilized qualitative methodology. The government of Libya responded with brutal force against civilian protesters in contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law. The security force of the government of Libya killed many protesters as well. This situation intensified human rights violations and enforced many of the peoples to displace. The court issued an important ruling in March 2011, ordering provisional measures against Libya in the armed conflict in its territory. Libya government denied the claims of human rights violations in its territory and showed its willingness to subject itself to criminal investigations by the Court if necessary. The issue of the fund, independence, commitment and competence of judges to interpret mandate and jurisdiction, the willingness of the states to support and to abide by court decisions, and powers of the concerned body to enforce court decisions hampered the court from being effective. Generally, African States act in good faith with respect to the decisions of the African Human Rights Court, the court becomes more import.

scholarly journals The Existence of the State's Role in Providing Prodeo Legal Aid to Citizens Who Are Not Able Based on Law Number 16 of 2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Helmy Yahya Rahma Aji ◽  
Raden Muhammad Arvy Ilyasa
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right

Indonesia as a state of the law has guaranteed the constitutional rights of each of its citizens without exception as a form of protection of human rights contained in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Providing legal assistance to citizens who are unable as constitutional rights of every citizen and the State is obliged to protect the constitutional rights regarding obtaining guarantees, protections, and certainty of law that is fair and equal treatment before the law. Legal aid legally in Law Number 16 of 2011 is a legal service free of charge to legal aid recipients. The thing that becomes the basis for the provision of legal assistance by the State is because the State is responsible for providing legal assistance to disadvantaged citizens as a form of access to justice and equality before the law. The state has a role in terms of establishing regulations as the legal basis for implementing legal assistance for disadvantaged citizens. But in reality, in the development of legal aid, there are several problems between legal aid providers (advocates) and the State as a guarantor of the constitutional right to the realization of justice and equality before the law for every Indonesian citizen, including the poor.

scholarly journals TERSANGKA PENYALAHGUNA NARKOTIKA MENDAPATKAN BANTUAN HUKUM DALAM PROSES PENYIDIKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Agung Mustakim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Investigation Process

ABSTRAKHak tersangka perkara penyalahgunaan Narkoba untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan merupakan asas dan komponen penting dalam sistem peradilan pidana yang dapat melindungi hak asasi tersangka dalam pelaksanaan proses peradilan yang tidak memihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, memahami dan mengkaji apakah bantuan hukum wajib diberikan kepada tersangka penyalahgunaan Narkoba dalam proses penyidikan sebagai perlindungan HAM, dan mengkaji bagaimanakah fungsi advokat menurut UU No. 18 Tahun 2003 dihubungkan dengan kewajiban memberikan bantuan hukum kepada tersangka perkara penyalahgunaan Narkoba. Spesifikasi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, guna memberikan gambaran tentang hak tersangka untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan dan fungsi advokat serta kewajibannya memberikan bantuan hukum kepada tesangka penyalahgunaan Narkoba. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah normatif kualitatif yaitu pemaparan dan penggambaran pengaturan perundang-undangan secara kualitatif yuridis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, bantuan hukum masih sekedar hak bukan kewajiban, padahal bantuan hukum bersifat imperatif dan sebagai perlindungan HAM karenanya bila bantuan hukum tidak diberikan adalah bertentangan dengan KUHAP, kemudian dengan tidak adanya sanksi atau lemahnya aturan hukum karena kepada penegak hukum yang lalai dan menghindar untuk tidak memberikan hak tersangka untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum padahal ancaman hukuman diatas lima tahun dengan adanya surat pernyataan tersangka yang dibuat penyidik.  ABSTRACTThe right of suspects in drug abuse cases to obtain legal assistance in the investigation process is an important principle and component of the criminal justice system that can protect the suspect's human rights in the implementation of an impartial judicial process. This study aims to find out, understand and examine whether legal aid must be given to suspects of drug abuse in the investigation process as a protection of human rights, and to examine how the function of advocates according to Law no. 18 of 2003 is related to the obligation to provide legal assistance to suspects in drug abuse cases. The specifications of this research are descriptive and analytical, in order to provide an overview of the rights of suspects to obtain legal assistance in the investigation process and the function of advocates and their obligations to provide legal assistance to suspected drug abusers. The data analysis technique used is normative qualitative, namely the presentation and description of legal arrangements in a qualitative juridical manner. According to the study's findings, legal aid is still just a right, not an obligation, even though it is an imperative and a protection of human rights; if legal aid is not provided, it is contrary to the Criminal Procedure Code, in the absence of sanctions or weak legal rules due to negligent law enforcers, and avoiding giving the suspect the right to obtain legal assistance; if legal aid is not provided, it is contrary to the Criminal Procedure Code, in the absence of sanctions or weak legal rules due to negligent law enforce.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
American System ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Domestic Law

The Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights is a regional mechanism that has had a significant impact on the institutional framework of the State Parties to the Organization of American States (OAS), contributing to the elimination of structural human rights issues in the region. With a population of around 900 million people, the thirty-five States that comprise the OAS have accepted, to different extents, the supervising competence of its main human rights protection bodies: the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). This research bibliography on the Inter-American System is organized in six sections. The first is a general overview that describes the regional legal framework, the different research approaches that doctrine has developed to study it, and the factual and statistical resources that are of special importance in such research. The second section introduces the regional protection bodies and their interaction within the Inter-American System. The third and fourth sections are dedicated to the particular analysis of each body. It begins with the Inter-American Commission, with a description of its two most relevant foci, namely, its human rights promotion tasks and its competence to receive individual petitions. It then moves to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and engages with the literature about its contentious jurisdiction—where reparations, supervision of judgments, and compliance to its judgments—along with its advisory and precautionary jurisdiction will be analyzed in greater depth. Finally, the fifth and sixth sections are dedicated to two topics of special analytical relevance and current importance: the dialogue between regional protection systems in the search for answers to common problems and finally the notion of control of conventionality as a particular and groundbreaking legal development of the system and its development within the State’s domestic law. The selected works in this bibliography are mostly available in English and Spanish (judgments of the IACtHR and reports of the Commission may be accessed in both languages) and the great majority of these texts are available without cost, digitally, online and without subscription. This research bibliography, accordingly, aims at avoiding obstacles to open research into this topic from the Global South and other latitudes.

scholarly journals Medical research: state and problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Olena Ponomarova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
To Receive

Keywords: medical research, ethical aspects of research, patient rights, as the objectof research, informed consent In the article, the author conducted a study of medical research with human participation, analyzed the legislation of Ukraine and international documents and found that there is no unified conceptof «medical research», but uses different terms, such as biomedical experiment, clinicaltrial, clinical trials, etc. The legal acts of Ukraine provide for a variety of terms, but dothey all mean the same concept. It would be appropriate to enshrine at the level of thelaw the concept of broad meaning «medical research», which would include such types as:«medical and biological experiments», «clinical trials» and so on. Referring to internationalinstruments on the search for the concept of «medical research» also revealed differencesin the conceptual understanding of the concept of «medical research». Instead, itwas found that all the legal acts analyzed in the article stipulate that medical examinationswith human participation, as the object of research, begin only after the person hasgiven voluntary informed consent to conduct research on him.The procedure for conducting medical examinations with the participation of a personas an object of study in all legal documents referred to in the article provides for themandatory voluntary consent of the person who is the object of research. Article 10, paragraph2, of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of Biologyand Medicine: The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine guarantees everyonethe right to access any information collected about their health. However, the desire ofindividuals not to receive such information must also be respected. The rights of patientsduring medical research, as the object of research, including the study of their biologicalmaterial and data, regardless of the country in which they live and where medical researchtakes place, national laws must guarantee ethical standards at the highest levelof medical research and ensure strong legal basis for future medical research. The socialfunction of the state is the vocation to protect the researcher and the subjects.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN BANTUAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Friska Anggi Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Defense ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Racial Ethnic

law (rechtsstaat) recognizes and protects human rights. All people must be treated equally in the law. Equality in law must be balanced with equal treatment. Legal assistance is the right of a person who is involved in a criminal case to be able to prepare a defense or counseling in upholding his rights as a suspect. Everyone has the right to receive legal assistance from an advocate, no one may be denied the right to obtain a legal defense in a legal state. Provision of legal assistance does not look at religious, ancestral, racial, ethnic, political beliefs, socio-economic strata, skin color and gender. Thus, justice will be realized for everyone

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Dissent: Split Judicial Decisions and Compliance With Judgments From the International Human Rights Judiciary

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Naurin ◽  
Øyvind Stiansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
International Human ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Judicial Protection

The mutual dependence between courts and their compliance constituencies is a fundamental feature of judicial power. Actors whose rights and interests are reinforced by court decisions may use these as legal ammunitions while contributing to ensuring that court decisions are effectively implemented. We argue that judgments that contain dissenting opinions are less powerful in this regard, compared with unanimous decisions. The reason is that dissent reduces the perceived legal authority of the judgment. Using data from the international human rights judiciaries in Europe and the Americas, we provide evidence of a negative relationship between judicial dissent and compliance. Our findings have important implications for questions relating to the institutional design of courts, for courts’ ability to manage compliance problems, and for understanding the conditions for effective international judicial protection of human rights.

scholarly journals Fundamental Rights Seen Through the “Pluralistic Interpretive Box”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Interpretive Method ◽  
The Impact

Interpretation, or the judicial understanding of the legal acts in the process of protection of the human rights, is becoming increasingly interesting and controversial, both from an aspect of the applied interpretation technique (which interpretation method is applied by the judge in a specific case and why), as well as from an aspect of the legal opportunism/legitimacy of the interpretation. It is a fact that so far, neither the European, nor the national legal theories and practice have offered coordinated systematic approach regarding the application of the legal interpretation methods, which often leads to different interpretation of the legal norms by the national and the European courts when applied in similar or identical legal situations for protection of the human rights. It is considered that the different interpretation of the legal documents by the judges endangers the protection of the human rights, but also the legal security of the citizens. Judicial discretion in choosing an interpretive method in a particular case by the national, or by the courts in Luxembourg and Strasbourg further complicates the already complex procedure of protection of human rights, which directly creates new problems instead of solving the existing ones. The "pluralistic interpretive box" is continuously filled with new and new cases from different approaches by different courts in the process of protection of human rights, which leads to increased scientific interest for a more detailed consideration of this issue. The growing scientific interest in the impact of the legal interpretation on the (non) equality of the human rights protection is the main reason for writing this paper, in which I will try to explain the connection between the three different, but still related issues encountered in the multilevel system of human rights protection in Europe. The first issue addressed in the paper concerns the most common methods of legal interpretation applied in the national and European court proceedings. The second issue concerns the search for a consistent answer to whether and how much legitimacy and legality the court decisions made by applying judicial discretion have when the interpretive method in judicial decision-making is chosen, and the third issue refers to finding an answer to the impact of such court decisions on the functionality and efficiency of the multi-level system of protection of human rights, that is, to what extent such court decisions have a positive or negative effect on the human rights protection. Given that each national court has its own instruments and techniques of interpretation by which the judges make their decisions, the need to study their causality and effectiveness is more than evident.

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