Delineating Subjective Experiences in the Mardika Market: Self-Management of Beggars Identities in Moluccas, Indonesia

Mardika market is a strategic location for people engaging in begging activity in Moluccas, Indonesia. A beggar is a person who earns an income in public in various ways and hopes to expect mercy from others, and engages in activities by taking advantage of to make other people feel sorry for them. The research aims to explore the self management of people carrying out begging activities. This study uses a subjective interpretive method through a phenomenological approach based on the theory of symbolic interaction. The results demonstrate that beggars verbally self-management impressions. Nonverbally, beggars with dirty clothes, sad faces, and slow gestures remove their hands using bowls as a sign of asking. Their self-management front appearance takes advantage of physical backwardness, pretending to be disabled, and living a poor and wandering life so that they deserve pity. This differs from a figure who has a robust physical condition, carries out everyday activities, wears proper clothes, displays a cheerful face, and has good social relations with family and society in the self-management behind appearance.

Type 2 diabetes self-management: spirituality, coping and responsibility

Background In England, although The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommends that patients’ religious beliefs should be incorporated into individual healthcare plans, these components are often neglected in diabetes management care plans. A literature review identified a paucity of research regarding how the spirituality of British people may influence their approach to their self-management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aims To explore how the spirituality of a small group of adults with T2D, living in England, influenced their coping strategies and self-management of diet and exercise. Methods Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method of two interviews per participant and thematic analysis for data interrogation ( n = 8). Data as glycated haemoglobin, living situation, age, length of time since T2D diagnosis, body mass index and diabetic medicines contextualised the interview data. Results Participants’ spirituality, health beliefs, coping and sense of responsibility for T2D self-management overlapped in complex layers. Three themes were generated: (a) spirituality influences expectations in life; (b) beliefs influence coping styles of diabetes self-management; and (c) responsibility influences diabetes self-management. A model was created to assist nurses in addressing these components. Conclusion Nurses should consider how patients’ self-management of T2D may be influenced by their spirituality, health beliefs, coping and sense of responsibility.

Fundamental Rights Seen Through the “Pluralistic Interpretive Box”

Interpretation, or the judicial understanding of the legal acts in the process of protection of the human rights, is becoming increasingly interesting and controversial, both from an aspect of the applied interpretation technique (which interpretation method is applied by the judge in a specific case and why), as well as from an aspect of the legal opportunism/legitimacy of the interpretation. It is a fact that so far, neither the European, nor the national legal theories and practice have offered coordinated systematic approach regarding the application of the legal interpretation methods, which often leads to different interpretation of the legal norms by the national and the European courts when applied in similar or identical legal situations for protection of the human rights. It is considered that the different interpretation of the legal documents by the judges endangers the protection of the human rights, but also the legal security of the citizens. Judicial discretion in choosing an interpretive method in a particular case by the national, or by the courts in Luxembourg and Strasbourg further complicates the already complex procedure of protection of human rights, which directly creates new problems instead of solving the existing ones. The "pluralistic interpretive box" is continuously filled with new and new cases from different approaches by different courts in the process of protection of human rights, which leads to increased scientific interest for a more detailed consideration of this issue. The growing scientific interest in the impact of the legal interpretation on the (non) equality of the human rights protection is the main reason for writing this paper, in which I will try to explain the connection between the three different, but still related issues encountered in the multilevel system of human rights protection in Europe. The first issue addressed in the paper concerns the most common methods of legal interpretation applied in the national and European court proceedings. The second issue concerns the search for a consistent answer to whether and how much legitimacy and legality the court decisions made by applying judicial discretion have when the interpretive method in judicial decision-making is chosen, and the third issue refers to finding an answer to the impact of such court decisions on the functionality and efficiency of the multi-level system of protection of human rights, that is, to what extent such court decisions have a positive or negative effect on the human rights protection. Given that each national court has its own instruments and techniques of interpretation by which the judges make their decisions, the need to study their causality and effectiveness is more than evident.

Specifics of interpretation of traditional eastern practices in European acting training

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of adaptation of oriental theatrical, physical, and spiritual practices by representatives of the European theater in the process of developing methods of actor training based on the analysis of acting training of leading directors of the twentieth century. - K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, E. Barba. Methodology. A typological method was used (to determine the specifics of acting training methods by K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba; interpretive method and method of comparative analysis (to identify common and different aspects of interpretation of Eastern practices by European directors); phenomenological method (to identify features of Eastern and spiritual practices and their adaptation to acting training), etc. Scientific novelty The specifics of borrowing and interpretation of traditional in East, Southeast, and Central Asia elements of actor training by Russian and European theater directors of the twentieth century are considered. K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba and revealed the peculiarities of adaptation by theater directors and teachers of elements of hatha yoga and Raja Yoga in accordance with their own understanding of the purpose of training in the art of acting. Conclusions. Various elements of traditional Western and Eastern cultural practices have been the focus of twentieth-century theater directors. in the process of developing innovative methods and techniques of educating the actor. Their research of local theatrical cultures contributed to the search for universal laws of stage conventionality, new acting methods of self-knowledge, and the disclosure of their own creative potential. In their own search for methods of educating the actor theater directors of the twentieth century. turn to the Eastern worldview, because the extraordinary method and a special view of the nature of consciousness and its functioning in the world contributes to the creation of training to solve a number of applied problems in the context of the specifics of acting. Translating material (Eastern practices) into a Western conceptual structure or any kind of synthesis of Eastern and Western concepts, simplifying, does not reveal the full depth of Eastern practices and religious orientations, but contributes to the actor's mastery of innovative methodological approaches, including intuitive insights, contemplation, contemplation. etc.

The lived experience of being a hundred years and over

<p>The twentieth century has seen a decline in mortality after the age of eighty and an increase in survival rates of the oldest of the old. Centenarians (people over a hundred years of age) are the fastest growing group of this population in developed countries; however qualitative research on the oldest of the old is limited. The primary aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the essence of lived experiences and meanings of extended longevity as perceived by centenarians. It also aimed to explore the role of lifestyle characteristics, family, social, health and cultural factors in regards to their prolonged existence. The research was conducted with ten centenarians aged between 100 and 106 years living in the Lower North Island namely Wairarapa, Kapiti and Wellington of Aotearoa New Zealand. Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method of inquiry was used to guide the data collection through face-to-face interviews using unstructured open ended questions. Colazzi’s phenomenological framework was employed for data analysis. There were common patterns throughout the life stories related by the centenarians and resilience and acceptance of life was notable. The centenarians spoke nonchalantly about their experience of turning a hundred, describing their birthday as; “Just another day.” Positive personalities and resilient nature were prominent features of the participants who all expressed a sense of acceptance and satisfaction with life and contentment with living in the present. All centenarians had a privileged upbringing and were nurtured during their childhood by their parents, grandparents and siblings and these interrelationships were ongoing at an intergenerational level. They had all kept themselves active as much as they could throughout their lifetime. The results suggest that nurturing has an important role in the survival of the oldest of old.</p>

The lived experience of being a hundred years and over

<p>The twentieth century has seen a decline in mortality after the age of eighty and an increase in survival rates of the oldest of the old. Centenarians (people over a hundred years of age) are the fastest growing group of this population in developed countries; however qualitative research on the oldest of the old is limited. The primary aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the essence of lived experiences and meanings of extended longevity as perceived by centenarians. It also aimed to explore the role of lifestyle characteristics, family, social, health and cultural factors in regards to their prolonged existence. The research was conducted with ten centenarians aged between 100 and 106 years living in the Lower North Island namely Wairarapa, Kapiti and Wellington of Aotearoa New Zealand. Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method of inquiry was used to guide the data collection through face-to-face interviews using unstructured open ended questions. Colazzi’s phenomenological framework was employed for data analysis. There were common patterns throughout the life stories related by the centenarians and resilience and acceptance of life was notable. The centenarians spoke nonchalantly about their experience of turning a hundred, describing their birthday as; “Just another day.” Positive personalities and resilient nature were prominent features of the participants who all expressed a sense of acceptance and satisfaction with life and contentment with living in the present. All centenarians had a privileged upbringing and were nurtured during their childhood by their parents, grandparents and siblings and these interrelationships were ongoing at an intergenerational level. They had all kept themselves active as much as they could throughout their lifetime. The results suggest that nurturing has an important role in the survival of the oldest of old.</p>

TIPOLOGI TENDA SEBAGAI STUDI ARSITEKTUR PORTABEL

Architecture trends are continuously searching for a new design alternative. If architecture is dominated by a permanent structure in the last decades, the latest trend suggests temporal, ephemeral, and informal architecture to emerge as the other alternative. While the world becomes complex, these other spatial forms are in demand, resulting in various installations, pop-up stores, container architecture, and portable, temporal architecture constructed throughout the cityscape. Its portability, elasticity, and fluidity have offered different human activity transformations compared to permanent architecture. Tent, one of the most popular portable architecture, has been used for myriad human activities, although fewer researches are found regarding the typology of the tent, which is considered beneficial to understand its transformation. The qualitative interpretive method is used to understand the typology of the contemporary tent. The diagram is utilized as a tool to investigate its form, structure, and physical appearance. The research steps are drawing a diagram, pattern extraction, and pattern interpretation. The phases are elimination of tent’s elaboration and decoration, pattern structure extraction, pattern illustration. The result is tent typology diagram. The novelty is tent basic pattern extraction. Keywords: Architecture; Portable; Tend; Type; Typology. AbstrakLatar belakang penelitian adalah fenomena tren arsitektur dunia yang mulai mempertanyakan alternatif lain keruangan. Permasalahannya pada dekade terakhir arsitektur dunia didominasi oleh pemahaman ruang permanen pada makna arsitektur yang seolah bersifat absolut, padahal belakangan konsep-konsep keruangan temporal, ephemeral dan informal semakin dibutuhkan untuk mengisi stagnansi arsitektur permanen. Kebutuhan ruang portabel meningkat; hal ini terbukti dari tingginya permintaan akan: instalasi, paviliun, pop-up store, kontainer dan jenis keruangan lain yang lebih ringan, cair dan mudah dimodifikasi. Tenda adalah salah satu alternatif keruangan temporal yang telah berkembang sejak dulu kala, keunggulannya sebagai arsitektur portabel masih relevan di saat ini. Meski demikian, belum banyak perkembangan dan penelitian tenda yang berfokus pada tipe dan struktur untuk gaya hidup masa depan, sementara dominasi pengembangan tenda adalah untuk kebutuhan berkemah atau liburan saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tipologi tenda sebagai arsitektur portabel Metode penelitian adalah tipologi arsitektur untuk mengangkat kualitas arsitektur tenda. Diagram arsitektur digunakan untuk menghasilkan ilustrasi yang dapat diinterpretasikan dalam memahami pola struktur tenda, Langkah penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) menggambar diagram keruangan; 2) mengekstraksi pola; 3) menginterpretasi pola. Tahapan penelitian disusun sebagai berikut: 1) Mengeliminasi elaborasi dan dekorasi tenda, 2) Mengekstraksi struktur tenda, 3) Menggambar pola. Hasilnya adalah diagram arsitektur tipologi tenda. Kebaruannya adalah ekstraksi pola dasar tenda sebagai arsitektur portabel.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF METAPHOR IN THE POETIC DISCOURSE OF PETRO SOROKA

The article investigates the metaphorical space of poems collection «Frankincense of Autumn» by Ternopil artist, writer and literary critic Petro Soroka. The research subject is structural and semantic aspects of metaphorical constructions. The aim of the article is to determine structural and semantic features of metaphors in Petro Soroka’s poetic discourse. To achieve this, the author defines and specifies semantic and stylistic types of poetic metaphors; identifies image units structural features in the writer’s work. The analysis is based on descriptive method (selection and systematization of relevant material, observation of linguistic facts, their interpretation and generalization), semantic and stylistic method, contextual-interpretive method and also quantitative technique (to establish a frequency of different groups of metaphors). The study of Petro Soroka’s poetic discourse demonstrates complexity of associations that underlay individual authorial metaphors, and functioning of complex, extended metaphorical structures with authorial intellectualism. Poems present all of the semantic and stylistic types of metaphors. However, the factual material analysis indicates rareness of objectifiment and synesthetic metaphors. 87% of all metaphors are personifications, among which the most frequent are anthropomethaphors (79 %). Other personifications are zoometaphors (7 %), botanometaphors (13.5 %) and chimerometaphors (approximately 0.5 %). High number of anthropometaphors is caused by a person as a central image in Petro Soroka’s artistic world and focusing on feelings, emotions, experiences and inner state in general. Other lexical and phraseological features in the artist’s language world demand further research.

Methodology of the Commentary Makhzan Al-‘Irfān by Lady Amin (Regarding the Interpretation of the Verses Related to “Women” in the Qur'an)

This descriptive-analytical research is devoted to the review of the methodology and interpretive approach of Lady Nusrat Begum Amin in her commentary of Makhzan al-‘Irfān. The results show that Lady Amin, considering various narrations that confirm and encourage the use of the Qur’an in interpretation, has widely used the interpretive method of Qur'an by Qur'an. Narrations, as the second source of interpreting the Qur'an, have played a significant role in this commentary as well. In addition, the use of the source of reason (aql) and rational arguments is also often seen in the interpretation of verses to the extent that sometimes the commentator prefers the rule of reason to the appearance (zāhir) of the verse and commentators’ opinions. In this commentary, sufficient attention has been paid to the role of Arabic literature for interpreting the Qur'an, since in its different places, morphological and syntactic issues have been used extensively and the interpreter sometimes mentions the use of rhetorical methods in the verses. There are also many philosophical issues in this book, which itself proves the author's profound philosophical knowledge. The commentator has also tried to discover the esoteric meanings of the verses of the Qur'an, noting that in discovering the esoteric meanings, she has paid attention to the appearance of the verses and has taken very cautious steps in this field. In this commentary, theological and doctrinal issues are also discussed in detail along with some verses. Theological discussions are in some cases with an independent title and in some cases in the form of questions and answers. In her commentary, Lady Amin has dealt with jurisprudential issues very little and only for a brief explanation of the verses. Considering the prominent role of different interpretive methods and approaches, her interpretation can be considered as a comprehensive one. In interpreting the verses related to women in the Qur'an, Lady Amin has emphasized paying attention to the types of inherent and non-intrinsic differences between men and women. He stressed the need to pay attention to these differences in providing a correct interpretation of verses related to women.

Counter Discourse on the Idea of Islamic State and Formalization of Religion in the Qur’anic Exegesis of KH. Abdurahman Wahid

This research discusses KH Abdurrahman Wahid’s Qur’anic interpretation written in his articles around the 2002–2003 period. Initial studies of the text show that Gus Dur was only active in elaborating the Qur’anic verses in his articles after he stepped down from the president and Chairman of the PBNU. This initial observation then raised questions regarding his lack of interpretation during Orde Baru (New Order), primarily when he served as Chairman of PBNU. Thus, what context finally made Gus Dur want to include the interpretation of the Qur’an in his article? This paper answers these questions using a descriptive-interpretive method. The theory used is the critical discourse analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk, which contains three steps, namely text analysis, personal and social cognition, and context. Furthermore, the results reveal that: (1) there is a discourse contest in the democratic transition period between those who are pro with an Islamic state and those against it; (2) Gus Dur positioned himself as a party against the idea of an Islamic state. It happened when Gus Dur used the verses of the Qur’an to strengthen his argument; (3) Gus Dur’s interpretation which prioritizes the principle of humanity and can reach a wider audience, has implications indirectly for the development of the interpretation of the Qur’an in Indonesia.