Contextualizing Healthcare Needs of the Transgender Community in Kerala

Kerala witnessed a transformation in recent times in the case of social acceptance of the transgender community. Participation in HIV/AIDS projects gave them some social recognition. There was a turning point in the situation when the Supreme Court judgement came in 2014 on National Legal Service Authority vs Government of India. It started to formulate policies and welfare schemes to support the transgender community. Following this, the Kerala government drafted the Transgender Policy in 2015. The present situation is much improved. Yet there is not much improvement in healthcare services. There is no protocol or guidelines for treatment, which may result in practice without quality assurance and high cost. This chapter is an attempt to review the situation of the transgender community in Kerala before and after the transgender policy to look into achievements and gaps in security measures, including healthcare access.

How Many 'Clicks' Does it Take? Finding Price Information on New Zealand Lawyers' Websites

This article examines price transparency in New Zealand's civil legal services market and compares the civil legal services market characteristics to those of other jurisdictions. The current law does not incentivise providers within the legal services market to communicate price information to consumers searching for a provider. The researcher utilised a web-sweep method to assess how New Zealand law firms that provide dispute resolution services and employment advocates share information through their websites. The web-sweep covered the websites of 96 New Zealand law firms and 30 New Zealand employment advocates. The author assessed the ease with which prospective consumers could navigate and understand price-related information. The results demonstrated that in a majority of instances, price information is unclear and uncertain. It is therefore not comparable between providers. Consumers in New Zealand face a high search cost when looking for prices and deciding on a legal service provider. They are unable to make a meaningful price comparison between providers of dispute resolution services before engaging them. Stronger regulation of providers (lawyers and employment advocates) to require the display of pricing information would lower search costs for consumers and increase competition.

Legal Service Unit and Teacher Protection as A Mediation Forum for Penal Violence in the World of Education

This study offers a development of a model of fair teacher protection, with a focus on research conducted in West Kalimantan, particularly in Pontianak City and Ketapang District. The offer of a just teacher protection model is based on the empirical facts that there is still violence in the world of education and/or the criminalization of teachers that is still happening. Although various laws and regulations have been regulated to provide legal protection for teachers, the mechanism for implementing legal protection for teachers has not yet been formulated, so the reality is that when problems occur in the world of education and/or criminalization of teachers, they are resolved in various ways, either through government agencies, teacher organizations, schools or police officers, and there are even mutual opinions on social media. Through the socio-juridical research method through interviews and discussions, it was found that the effort to provide legal protection for teachers is important to be regulated through regional policies related to the formation of the Legal Service Unit and Teacher Protection or Unit Pelayanan Hukum dan Perlindungan Guru (UPHPG) which can become a coordinating institution and a forum for solving legal problems for teachers. The focus of this article describes how the UPHPG is intended to be a mediation platform for penal mediation in resolving violence in education and/or criminalizing teachers.

Implementation of Legal Aid to Debtors Due to Arrears in Motor Vehicle Installments Executed by Debt Collectors as Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Based on Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid, Article 1 paragraph (1) states that Legal Aid is a legal service provided by legal aid providers free of charge to Legal Aid Recipients. Legal aid is a guarantee of legal protection and a guarantee of equality before the law, which is a constitutional right for every citizen. Because, the constitution guarantees the right of every citizen to get equal treatment before the law, including the right to access justice through legal aid. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many people are asking for legal assistance related to the case of installment billing by debt collectors. The debt collector itself is a third party, which has an agreement with the financing institution to make efforts to force the collection of debtor vehicles because it has not paid installments as agreed. The result of this paper is that under these circumstances there is another legal remedy, namely restructuring.

Patient, medical and legal perspectives on reentry: the need for a low-barrier, collaborative, patient-centered approach

Background Worldwide, the United States has the highest incarceration rate per capita. Thousands of people are released from US correctional facilities each year, including many who are impacted by HIV infection and substance use disorder (SUD), two frequently comorbid conditions that present multiple challenges upon reentry. Reentry and care engagement research involving justice-involved people with HIV (PWH) with comorbid SUD has been largely limited to the perspective of those released. To formulate effective interventions for this population aimed at maintaining health and reducing recidivism, it is crucial to collect data from formerly incarcerated individuals with firsthand experience of the reentry process as well as other actors within the reentry framework. Insights from medical and legal service providers working in reentry systems have the potential to address key implementation concerns. To inform an intervention aimed at helping recently-released individuals PWH and SUD, we conducted a qualitative study to assess barriers and facilitators to community reentry from the perspectives of diverse consumers and providers of medical, legal, and reentry services. Results Fifteen stakeholders within XXX County participated in in-person interviews. Results indicated that 1) Patients/clients emphasized psychosocial support and individual attitude more than medical and legal participants, who chiefly focused on logistical factors such as finances, housing, and transportation; 2) Patients/clients expressed both medical and legal needs during the reentry period, though medical providers and participants from legal entities mainly expressed concerns limited to their respective scopes of work; 3) All three participant groups underscored the need for a low-barrier, collaborative, patient-centered approach to reentry with the goal of achieving self-sufficiency. Conclusions Findings support and extend existing literature detailing the barriers and facilitators to successful reentry. Our findings underscore the notion that an effective reentry intervention addresses both medical and legal needs, includes an individualized approach that incorporates psychosocial needs, and focuses on establishing self-sufficiency.

Aplicación de la metodología de Legal Service Design de cara a contextos de derecho público vs. derecho privado

En Háptica hemos tenido la oportunidad de aplicar la metodología de Legal Service Design en espectros muy diversos del sector privado, los cuales involucran entre otros sectores el financiero, farmacéutico, tecnológico y retail. En el desarrollo de varios de estos proyectos, impactamos el sector público desde un rol que buscaba rediseñar la prestación de un servicio legal en un ámbito prevalecientemente privado, pero que tiene directa relación con lo público, como Diseñar documentos legales que requieren de la revisión de una entidad pública o de su uso constante, al ser una entidad de vigilancia de esta organización privada. Por otra parte, también hemos trabajado como consultores de entidades públicas, donde el objetivo ha sido rediseñar servicios y puntos de contacto legales para un contexto público de principio a fin. De estas experiencias, y al haber tenido la oportunidad de trabajar desde la visión de Legal Service Design en el Diseño de servicios públicos y privados, buscamos comparar ambos contextos con el fin de entender las similitudes y diferencias en la aplicación de la metodología y las herramientas de Diseño legal. Por lo tanto, la idea es que, a partir de la revisión de experiencias concretas, podamos verificar si intervenir un contexto público o privado debería requerir de cambios o adaptaciones considerables en el método. En el caso en que la respuesta a esta pregunta sea afirmativa, evaluaremos qué cambios estructurales hemos visto necesarios en el método y sus herramientas. En el caso en que sea negativa la respuesta, analizaremos en qué forma los retos de lo público se han adaptado a dichas herramientas y se ha cumplido con los objetivos no solo de Diseño sino también legales de un ecosistema público.

Application of Data Mining Combined with Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making in Credit Risk Assessment from Legal Service Companies

The purpose is to avert the systematic financial risks from the Internet financial bubble and improve the efficiency of legal service companies’ credit risk assessment ability. Firstly, this study analyzes the commonly used classification model, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and linear regression model, Logistic model, and then puts forward the integrated SVM-Logistic + Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making (FMCDM) to evaluate and analyze the credit risk level of listed companies. In the proposed integrated model, the SVM model classifies the data sample from listed companies, and the Logistic model is used for regression analysis on the credit risk assessment. Based on the credit risk indexes and weight uncertain factors of sample companies, FMCDM based on fuzzy set is applied to obtain the evaluation indexes. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight of key indexes. Finally, the fit analysis is carried out according to the existing risk status of the sample company and the risk status results of the proposed integrated model. The results show that the integrated SVM-Logistic model is complementary and has high intensive evaluation. According to the fitness value obtained by FMCDM, the company's credit risk status can be accurately evaluated, and the intermediate threshold of corporate credit default risk measurement is 0.56152; if Fit is lower than the threshold, the company’s credit is low, and if Fit is higher than the threshold, the company’s credit is high. Therefore, the data mining technology based on integrated SVM-Logistic model + FMCDM has high precision and feasible application in the credit risk assessment from legal service companies. This study creates a new method model for legal service companies in the field of corporate credit risk assessment and can provide references and ideas for corporate credit risk assessment.

Clinical Legal Education—A Robust Instrument for Attainment of Justice: An Indian Perspective

Legal education is to serve the purpose of creating well-versed and proficient professionals who can render the best legal service to the people and help them get justice. Moreover, it is also to produce law-abiding and well-informed citizens who can carry out their duties in their professional life (irrespective of the nature of profession) for maintaining the rule of law. Along with a very strong foundation of substantive law, law students must also be oriented to the application of law during their undergraduate programme. This goal is to be realized through clinical legal education (CLE), which was introduced with an aim of combining the theory with practice. It also helps inculcate a sense of social justice in law students, as they closely see the application of law in a real life situation; they realize how law benefits people; they get closely connected to the society; they learn professional ethics; they develop problem solving approach; they get immeasurable satisfaction and confidence in the power of law; and more particularly, they comprehend that law is the real robust instrument to ensure and secure inclusive justice in the society. CLE, thus, makes the legal education all-inclusive and wholesome by making law students the agents of social change and champions of justice. This research article argues that CLE is indispensable for the attainment of inclusive justice. It also gauges the state of CLE in India from this perspective. Lastly, the article offers a few convincing suggestions which need to be incorporated in the legal education framework of India in order to ensure the higher goal of attainment of inclusive justice in India.