scholarly journals Towards Embedding Network Usage Charges Within a Peer-to-Peer Electricity Marketplace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almero de Villiers ◽  
Paul Cuffe
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Distance ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
Simulated Market ◽  
Local Generation

<div>This paper proposes a novel tariff regime for peerto-peer energy trading, with an aim to increase transmission</div><div>efficiency and grid stability by penalising long distance power transactions. In this scheme a portion of the transacted energy is withheld based on the electrical distance between buying and selling parties, calculated here according to the Klein Resistance Distance. This tariff regime is simulated using a dataset of producers and consumers over a 24-hour period. First, a notional marketplace equilibrium simulation is performed, in which</div><div>consumers can optimally activate demand response resources to exploit local availability of energy. Consumers are observed to move some demand away from peak times to make use of local generation availability. These simulated market out-turns are then used as inputs to a time series power flow analysis, in order to evaluate the network’s electrical performance. The regime is found to decrease grid losses and the magnitude of global voltage angle separation. However, the metric whereby taxes are calculated is found to be too skewed in the utility’s favour and may discourage adoption of the peer-to-peer system.</div><div>The method also attempts to encourage regulatory adoption</div><div>by existing grid operators and utilities. Some counter-intuitive allocations of tokenised energy occur, owing to specific consumers’ demand profiles and proximity to generators.</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Towards Embedding Network Usage Charges Within a Peer-to-Peer Electricity Marketplace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almero de Villiers ◽  
Paul Cuffe
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Distance ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
Grid Operators ◽  
Simulated Market ◽  
Local Generation

<div>This paper proposes a novel tariff regime for peerto-peer energy trading, with an aim to increase transmission</div><div>efficiency and grid stability by penalising long distance power transactions. In this scheme a portion of the transacted energy is withheld based on the electrical distance between buying and selling parties, calculated here according to the Klein Resistance Distance. This tariff regime is simulated using a dataset of producers and consumers over a 24-hour period. First, a notional marketplace equilibrium simulation is performed, in which</div><div>consumers can optimally activate demand response resources to exploit local availability of energy. Consumers are observed to move some demand away from peak times to make use of local generation availability. These simulated market out-turns are then used as inputs to a time series power flow analysis, in order to evaluate the network’s electrical performance. The regime is found to decrease grid losses and the magnitude of global voltage angle separation. However, the metric whereby taxes are calculated is found to be too skewed in the utility’s favour and may discourage adoption of the peer-to-peer system.</div><div>The method also attempts to encourage regulatory adoption</div><div>by existing grid operators and utilities. Some counter-intuitive allocations of tokenised energy occur, owing to specific consumers’ demand profiles and proximity to generators.</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Towards Imposing Dayparted Restrictions on Tokenised Energy within Peer-to-Peer Markets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almero de Villiers ◽  
Paul Cuffe
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Local Generation

This piece proposes a novel mechanism for peer-to-peer electricity trading whereby energy tokens can only be redeemed in the same part of the day as when they were generated. The aim of this regulatory mechanism is to reduce token hoarding by consumers to better align the physical production and consumption of electricity, which in turn could decrease electrical system losses and minimise the chance of grid imbalances. To establish the effectiveness of this dayparting mechanism a market simulation is performed. This simulation is made up of 24 consumers' and five producers' profiles over a seven-day week. An optimisation is performed to most effectively allocate energy tokens from producers to consumers, aiming to minimise the total energy imported from the larger grid i.e. to make most effective use of local generation. Consumers are permitted to perform a measure of demand response by modulating their demand at certain points while keeping their total energy consumption constant. Allocated energy tokens can be consumed immediately, or during any subsequent daypart to the same type. A series of power flow analyses are performed using the market simulation out-turns to establish the electrical system effects. Consumers are found to move some demand to weekend days when demand is lower but generation is equally abundant. Electrical results reveal a decrease in system losses, as well as less fluctuation from the larger grid supply.

scholarly journals Towards Imposing Dayparted Restrictions on Tokenised Energy within Peer-to-Peer Markets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almero de Villiers ◽  
Paul Cuffe
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Local Generation

This piece proposes a novel mechanism for peer-to-peer electricity trading whereby energy tokens can only be redeemed in the same part of the day as when they were generated. The aim of this regulatory mechanism is to reduce token hoarding by consumers to better align the physical production and consumption of electricity, which in turn could decrease electrical system losses and minimise the chance of grid imbalances. To establish the effectiveness of this dayparting mechanism a market simulation is performed. This simulation is made up of 24 consumers' and five producers' profiles over a seven-day week. An optimisation is performed to most effectively allocate energy tokens from producers to consumers, aiming to minimise the total energy imported from the larger grid i.e. to make most effective use of local generation. Consumers are permitted to perform a measure of demand response by modulating their demand at certain points while keeping their total energy consumption constant. Allocated energy tokens can be consumed immediately, or during any subsequent daypart to the same type. A series of power flow analyses are performed using the market simulation out-turns to establish the electrical system effects. Consumers are found to move some demand to weekend days when demand is lower but generation is equally abundant. Electrical results reveal a decrease in system losses, as well as less fluctuation from the larger grid supply.

scholarly journals Impedance Matching-Based Power Flow Analysis for UPQC in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2702
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhao ◽  
Xiuhui Chai ◽  
Xiaoqiang Guo ◽  
Ahmad Waseem ◽  
Xiaohuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Impedance Model ◽  
Power Flow Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
System Node ◽  
Power Quality Conditioner

Different from the extant power flow analysis methods, this paper discusses the power flows for the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in three-phase four-wire systems from the point of view of impedance matching. To this end, combined with the designed control strategies, the establishing method of the UPQC impedance model is presented, and on this basis, the UPQC system can be equivalent to an adjustable impedance model. After that, a concept of impedance matching is introduced into this impedance model to study the operation principle for the UPQC system, i.e., how the system changes its operation states and power flow under the grid voltage variations through discussing the matching relationships among node impedances. In this way, the nodes of the series and parallel converter are matched into two sets of impedances in opposite directions, which mean that one converter operates in rectifier state to draw the energy and the other one operates in inverter state to transmit the energy. Consequently, no matter what grid voltages change, the system node impedances are dynamically matched to ensure that output equivalent impedances are always equal to load impedances, so as to realize impedance and power balances of the UPQC system. Finally, the correctness of the impedance matching-based power flow analysis is validated by the experimental results.

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