scholarly journals Novel Distributed and Federated Contact Tracing Systems – A Global Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Global Solution ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Distributed Design ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
User Groups

There are several contact tracing solutions, some are for closed user groups, some are for the residents of a country, and some are open solutions with no clear boundary defined. These independent solutions are not adequate to support pre-pandemic global mobility. Ideally, what is needed is a global solution that can support decentralized control over data and at the same time support proximity data exchange among Apps developed by different vendors and for different countries. This paper proposes a family of contact tracing designs with low-risk anonymity that includes a centralized design, a distributed design, and a federated design for global solution.

scholarly journals Novel Distributed and Federated Contact Tracing Systems – A Global Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Global Solution ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Distributed Design ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
User Groups

There are several contact tracing solutions, some are for closed user groups, some are for the residents of a country, and some are open solutions with no clear boundary defined. These independent solutions are not adequate to support pre-pandemic global mobility. Ideally, what is needed is a global solution that can support decentralized control over data and at the same time support proximity data exchange among Apps developed by different vendors and for different countries. This paper proposes a family of contact tracing designs with low-risk anonymity that includes a centralized design, a distributed design, and a federated design for global solution.

scholarly journals A Novel Distributed and Federated Digital Contact Tracing Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Global Solution ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Distributed Design ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
User Groups

There are several contact tracing solutions, some are for closed user groups, some are for the residents of a country, and some are open solutions with no clear boundary defined. These independent solutions are not adequate to support pre-pandemic global mobility. Ideally, what is needed is a global solution that can support decentralized control over data and at the same time support proximity data exchange among Apps developed by different vendors and for different countries. This paper proposes a family of contact tracing designs with low-risk anonymity that includes a centralized design, a distributed design, and a federated design for global solution.

scholarly journals Scheduling Proximity Data Exchange for Contact Tracing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Proximity Data

The data is generated using analytical model for analysis

scholarly journals Scheduling Proximity Data Exchange for Contact Tracing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Proximity Data

The data is generated using analytical model for analysis

scholarly journals Contact Tracing: a game of big numbers in the time of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Ayan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Personal Mobile Devices

ABSTRACTOne of the more widely advocated solutions to slowing down the spread of COVID-19 has been automated contact tracing. Since proximity data can be collected by personal mobile devices, the natural proposal has been to use this for contact tracing as this provides a major gain over a manual implementation. In this work, we study the characteristics of automated contact tracing and its effectiveness for mapping the spread of a pandemic due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We highlight the infrastructure and social structures required for automated contact tracing to work for the current pandemic. We display the vulnerabilities of the strategy to inadequately sample the population, which results in the inability to sufficiently determine significant contact with infected individuals. Of crucial importance will be the participation of a significant fraction of the population for which we derive a minimum threshold. We conclude that a strong reliance on contact tracing to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can lead to the potential danger of allowing the pandemic to spread unchecked. A carefully thought out strategy for controlling the spread of the pandemic along with automated contact tracing can lead to an optimal solution.

scholarly journals Heuristic Scheduler for Proximity Data Exchange

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari T S Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Proximity Data

The data is generated using analytical model for analysis

scholarly journals Social network heterogeneity is essential for contact tracing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Frost Nielsen ◽  
Kim Sneppen ◽  
Lone Simonsen ◽  
Joachim Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Network Heterogeneity ◽  
The Social

Contact tracing is suggested as an effective strategy for controlling an epidemic without severely limiting personal mobility. Here, we explore how social structure affects contact tracing of COVID-19. Using smartphone proximity data, we simulate the spread of COVID-19 and find that heterogeneity in the social network and activity levels of individuals decreases the severity of an epidemic and improves the effectiveness of contact tracing. As a mitigation strategy, contact tracing depends strongly on social structure and can be remarkably effective, even if only frequent contacts are traced. In perspective, this highlights the necessity of incorporating social heterogeneity into models of mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Pilot evaluation of risk assessment and enhanced protocols regarding contacts at an international professional golf event

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001127
Author(s):  
Patrick G Robinson ◽  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Volker Sheer ◽  
Graeme Close ◽  
Denis F Kinane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Antigen Testing

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess whether a risk assessment and managed risk approach to contact tracing was practical and feasible at the Gran Canaria Lopesan Open 2021 and could inform further pilot work regarding disease transmission during elite sporting events.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included all international attendees. All participants required a minimum of one negative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) test prior to travelling to each tournament. High-risk contacts were isolated for 10 days. Moderate-risk contacts received education regarding enhanced medical surveillance, had daily rapid antigen testing for 5 days, with RT-PCR day 5, mandated mask use and access to outside space for work purposes only. Low-risk contacts received rapid antigen testing every 48 hours and PCR testing on day 5.ResultsA total of 550 persons were accredited and were required to undergo RT-PCR testing before the event. Two of these tests were positive (0.36%). Of these, case 1 had 1 high, 23 moderate and 48 low-risk contacts. Case 2 did not have any significant travel history within 2 days of positive test and had one high-risk contact. There were no further positive tests on site in the wider cohort of attendees, from a total of 872 RT-PCR and 198 rapid antigen tests.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed it is practical, feasible and well accepted to provide enhanced (daily) virus testing and risk-mitigating measures at a professional golf event. Further study is required to assess the efficacy of these interventions; however, no transmission was found in this pilot study.

scholarly journals Automated contact tracing: a game of big numbers in the time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (175) ◽  
pp. 20200954
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Ayan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Personal Mobile Devices ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation

One of the more widely advocated solutions for slowing down the spread of COVID-19 has been automated contact tracing. Since proximity data can be collected by personal mobile devices, the natural proposal has been to use this for automated contact tracing providing a major gain over a manual implementation. In this work, we study the characteristics of voluntary and automated contact tracing and its effectiveness for mapping the spread of a pandemic due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We highlight the infrastructure and social structures required for automated contact tracing to work. We display the vulnerabilities of the strategy to inadequate sampling of the population, which results in the inability to sufficiently determine significant contact with infected individuals. Of crucial importance will be the participation of a significant fraction of the population for which we derive a minimum threshold. We conclude that relying largely on automated contact tracing without population-wide participation to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can be counterproductive and allow the pandemic to spread unchecked. The simultaneous implementation of various mitigation methods along with automated contact tracing is necessary for reaching an optimal solution to contain the pandemic.

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