scholarly journals Combination oral contraceptives – a practice-guided overview of everyday problems and their solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
DW Wolmarans ◽  
L Brand ◽  
SF Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Withdrawal Of Therapy ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Everyday Problems

Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs for women between the ages of 15–451 and while they are accepted to be safe and highly effective, their use is often associated with a number of minor sideeffects. Considering the limited nature of this review, a detailed overview of the complete clinical profile of COCs falls beyond the current scope. Rather, we will focus on the most frequently reported side-effects of COCs that do not necessitate treatment withdrawal. Adverse effects that require immediate withdrawal of therapy are usually related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other cardiovascular events, malignancies or hepatic pathology2 and would require a more in-depth review.

The Role of Stanozolol in the Treatment of the Postphlebitic Syndrome

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S81-S83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Postphlebitic Syndrome ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Blind Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind Crossover Study

The postphlebitic syndrome is a result of previous deep vein thrombosis and presents with oedema, pain, induration, pigmentation and ulceration. Extravascular deposition of fibrin is associated with reduced fibrinolytic activity in these patients. In a double-blind crossover study there was evidence of benefit from stanozolol which enhanced fibrinolytic activity. No side effects of any consequence were noted with a dosage of 5 mg twice per day.

scholarly journals Does ‘heparin-induced thrombocytopenia’ hit our minds?

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Arun Thangavel ◽  
Shalvi Mahajan ◽  
Amarjyoti Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Newer Anticoagulants ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Heparin Prophylaxis

AbstractUnfractionated heparin is a widely used drug to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in patients at risk. With the advent of newer anticoagulants having lesser side effects, its use has diminished but not out of service. Here, we report a case of deep venous thrombosis, in a patient on prophylactic dose of heparin, which was later found to be a manifestation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Thrombosis in the presence of heparin prophylaxis should be considered as HIT rather than a failure of anticoagulation.

scholarly journals Strategies for Diagnosis and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism during Pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Jain Bagaria ◽  
V. B. Bagaria
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Altered Physiology ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy and the postpartum period have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The condition is unique during this period for several reasons. Primarily, because there is complexity in diagnosing this condition in view of altered physiology and preexisting edema in pregnancy and also because there are restrictions on the use of certain drugs and a need for vigilant monitoring of anticoagulant activities of drugs during the period. The problem is compounded and assumes the highest order of significance since two lives are involved and all the investigations and management done should also take into account the potential adverse effects on the foetus. In order to prevent the development of VTE during pregnancy, sound clinical evaluation for risk factors, risk stratification, and optimal use of resource both mechanical and pharmacological is necessary. This paper details strategies in preventing development of deep vein thrombosis and treatment of VTEs.

Urokinase Treatment In Acute And Subacute Deep Vein Thrombosis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Trübestein ◽  
Th Brecht ◽  
M Ludwig ◽  
G Brecht ◽  
F Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Medium Dose

So far 74 patients with acute and subacute Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) were treated with a standardized Urokinase (UK) heparin scheme. From these patients 19 patients had a 1-6 day and 55 patients a 1-6 week old thrombosis of the iliac, femoral, popliteal or subclavian veins. The initial dose of the UK regimen was mostly 250.000 IU UK/10 min; the maintenance dose was 1.000.000 IU UK/24h in 40 patients, 1.500.000 IU UK/24h in 12 patients and 2.000.000 IU UK/24h in 22 patients. Heparin was given from the very beginning, starting with a dose of 1.000 IU/h. In the further course of therapy heparin was adjusted so that the thrombin time was 2 to 4 times of the normal. The duration of fibrinolytic therapy was mostly between 3 and 6 days in acute and between 7 and 14 days in subacute DVT. Severe side effects were seen in 2 patients, who had a strong bleeding. One patient died of pulmonary embolism.Results: The 1-6 day old thromboses of the 19 patients could be dissolved completely in 7 patients (37%) and partially in 4 patients (21%); no amelioration in the phlebo- grams was found in 8 patients (42%). The 1-6 week old thromboses of the 55 patients could be dissolved completely in 9 patients (16%) and partially in 30 patients (55%); no amelioration in the phlebograms was found in 16 patients (29%).Conclusion: The standardized UK-heparin scheme with a medium dose 80.000 IU UK/h used by us proved to be effective in most patients with DVT.

Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8990) ◽  
pp. 1593-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W.M. Bloemenkamp ◽  
F.M. Helmerhorst ◽  
F.R. Rosendaal ◽  
J.P. Vandenbroucke ◽  
H.R. Büller
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

scholarly journals CX3CR1/CX3CL1 Axis Mediates Platelet–Leukocyte Adhesion to Arterial Endothelium in Younger Patients with a History of Idiopathic Deep Vein Thrombosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (03) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Furio ◽  
Maria García-Fuster ◽  
Josep Redon ◽  
Patrice Marques ◽  
Rebeca Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Cx3cr1 Expression

AbstractMechanisms linking deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subclinical atherosclerosis and risk of cardiovascular events are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis in DVT-associated endothelial dysfunction. The study included 22 patients (age: 37.5 ± 8.2 years) with a history of idiopathic DVT and without known cardiovascular risk factors and 23 aged-matched control subjects (age: 34 ± 7.8 years). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate peripheral markers of platelet activation, leukocyte immunophenotypes and CX3CR1/CX3CL1 expression in both groups. A flow chamber assay was employed to measure leukocyte arrest under dynamic conditions. Platelet activation and the percentage of circulating CX3CR1-expressing platelets, CX3CR1-expressing platelet-bound monocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in patients with DVT than in controls. Additionally, patients with DVT had increased plasma levels of CX3CL1, soluble P-selectin and platelet factor 4/CXCL4. Interestingly, this correlated with enhanced platelet–leukocyte interaction and leukocyte adhesion to TNFα-stimulated arterial endothelial cells, which was partly dependent on endothelial CX3CL1 upregulation and increased CX3CR1 expression on platelets, monocytes and lymphocytes. In conclusion, increased CX3CR1 expression on circulating platelets may constitute a prognostic marker for long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with DVT. Blockade of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular comorbidities associated with DVT.

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