scholarly journals Synthesis and Regulation of Th2 Cell And Il–4 As Target for Asthma Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Lathifah Dzakiyyah Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Th2 Cell

Salah satu karakteristik dari penyakit asma adalah terjadinya reaksi hipersensitivitas di saluran respirasi manusia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh reaksi peradangan pada otot polos pada bronkus. Pengobatan asma yang paling bayak diketahui adalah bronkodilator dengan prinsip kerjanya menurunkan respons otot polos bronkus terhadap sitokin – sitokin pro-inflamasi. Namun, penggunaan obat bronkodilator ini menyebabkan efek samping yang tidak diharapkan. Di sisi lain, pengobatan asma yang langsung menargetkan penyebab reaksi hipersensitivitas seperti faktor pro-inflamasi IL-4 jarang dibahas. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan literatur ini akan membahas potensi obat baru yang menargetkan regulasi IL-4 dan Th2. Kumpulan data diambil dengan cara mencari beberapa studi dan tinjauan yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dalam tinjauan literatur ini, ditemukan bahwa terdapat potensi obat asma yang menargetkan langsung ke IL-4, Th2, dan faktor transkripsi.

scholarly journals Ageratina adenophora Inhibits Spleen Immune Function in Rats via the Loss of the FRC Network and Th1–Th2 Cell Ratio Elevation

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Zhihua Ren ◽  
Pei Gao ◽  
Samuel Kumi Okyere ◽  
Yujing Cui ◽  
Juan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Ageratina Adenophora ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) on splenic immune function in a rat model. Rats were fed with 10 g/100 g normal feed and an experimental feed, which was composed of 3:7 A. adenophora powder and normal feed for 60 days. On days 14, 28, and 60, subsets of rats (n = 8 rats/group/time point) were selected for blood and spleen tissue sample collection. The results showed that the proportion of CD3+ T cells in the spleen was decreased at day 60 (vs. control). Also, mRNA and protein expression of chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 and functional protein gp38 in spleen decreased significantly versus the control at day 60. In addition, ER-TR7 antigen protein expression was also decreased at day 60. Levels of T-helper (Th)1 cells significantly increased, whereas those of Th2 cells decreased significantly versus the control at day 60 in spleen. The finding revealed that A. adenophora could affect splenic immune function in rats by altering the fibroblast reticulocyte (FRC) network, as well as by causing an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell ratios. This research provides new insights into potential mechanisms of spleen immunotoxicity due to exposures to A. Adenophora.

Clinical Burden and Predictors of Asthma Exacerbations in Patients on Guideline-based Steps 4-6 Asthma Therapy in the TENOR Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Calhoun ◽  
Tmirah Haselkorn ◽  
David R. Mink ◽  
Dave P. Miller ◽  
Alejandro Dorenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations

scholarly journals Upregulated Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 in Peripheral Blood Basophils of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242199303
Author(s):  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhan ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Ku812 Cells ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Der P1 ◽  
Blood Granulocyte

Background Recently, it has been reported that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists can improve allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms by up-regulation of Th1 cytokine release and suppression of Th2 cell functions. However, little is known of the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR. Objective To explore the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR, and influence of allergens on TLR7 expression. Methods The expression levels of TLR7 in basophils of patients with AR were determined by flow cytometry, and the influence of allergens on TLR7 expression was examined by real time (q) PCR. Results The percentages of TLR7+CCR3+ cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.011), TLR7+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0 .016 and P = 0.042) and TLR7+CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.035) in blood granulocyte and mononucleated cell populations of the patients with AR were increased, respectively compared with HC subjects. TLR7 MFI on CCR3+ cells ( P = 0.050 and P = 0.043), CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) and CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.003) were enhanced compared with HC subjects. Allergens Der p1 and OVA provoked upregulation of TLR7 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and IL-13 production in KU812 cells. House Dust Mite extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), IL-31, IL-33, IL-37, and TSLP provoked elevation of IL-6 release from KU812 cells following 2 h incubation period. Conclusions The percentage of TLR7+ basophils and TLR7 expression intensity in a single basophil are both increased in the blood of patients with AR, indicating that basophils likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AR via TLR7.

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