scholarly journals Upregulated Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 in Peripheral Blood Basophils of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242199303
Author(s):  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhan ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Ku812 Cells ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Der P1 ◽  
Blood Granulocyte

Background Recently, it has been reported that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists can improve allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms by up-regulation of Th1 cytokine release and suppression of Th2 cell functions. However, little is known of the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR. Objective To explore the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR, and influence of allergens on TLR7 expression. Methods The expression levels of TLR7 in basophils of patients with AR were determined by flow cytometry, and the influence of allergens on TLR7 expression was examined by real time (q) PCR. Results The percentages of TLR7+CCR3+ cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.011), TLR7+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0 .016 and P = 0.042) and TLR7+CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.035) in blood granulocyte and mononucleated cell populations of the patients with AR were increased, respectively compared with HC subjects. TLR7 MFI on CCR3+ cells ( P = 0.050 and P = 0.043), CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) and CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR− cells ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.003) were enhanced compared with HC subjects. Allergens Der p1 and OVA provoked upregulation of TLR7 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and IL-13 production in KU812 cells. House Dust Mite extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), IL-31, IL-33, IL-37, and TSLP provoked elevation of IL-6 release from KU812 cells following 2 h incubation period. Conclusions The percentage of TLR7+ basophils and TLR7 expression intensity in a single basophil are both increased in the blood of patients with AR, indicating that basophils likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AR via TLR7.

scholarly journals Upregulated Expression of Toll Like Receptor 7 in Peripheral Blood Basophils of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhan ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Ku812 Cells ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Blood Granulocyte

Abstract Background: Recently, it has been reported that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists can improve allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms by up-regulation of Th1 cytokine release and suppression of Th2 cell functions. However, little is known of the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR.Objective: To explore the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR, and influence of allergens on TLR7 expression.Methods: The expression levels of TLR7 in basophils of patients with AR were determined by flow cytometry, and the influence of allergens on TLR7 expression was examined by real time (q) PCR.Results: The percentages of TLR7+CCR3+ cells, TLR7+CD123+HLA-DR- cells and TLR7+CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR- cells in blood granulocyte and mononucleated cell populations of the patients with AR were increased, respectively compared with HC subjects. TLR7 MFI on CCR3+ cells, CD123+HLA-DR- cells and CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR- cells were enhanced. Allergens Der p1 and OVA provoked upregulation of TLR7 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and IL-13 production in KU812 cells. House Dust Mite extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), IL-31, IL-33, IL-37, and TSLP provoked elevation of IL-6 release from KU812 cells following 2 h incubation period.Conclusions: The percentage of TLR7+ basophils and TLR7 expression intensity in a single basophil are both increased in the blood of patients with AR, indicating that basophils likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AR via TLR7. Trial Registration: Trial registry: Chinese clinical trial; registration number: ChiCTR-BOC-16010279.

scholarly journals A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (13) ◽  
pp. 2853-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Wang ◽  
Rachel M. McLoughlin ◽  
Brian A. Cobb ◽  
Marie Charrel-Dennis ◽  
Kathleen J. Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Intraabdominal Abscess ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Cell Balance

Commensalism is critical to a healthy Th1/Th2 cell balance. Polysaccharide A (PSA), which is produced by the intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, activates CD4+ T cells, resulting in a Th1 response correcting the Th2 cell skew of germ-free mice. We identify Toll-like receptors as crucial to the convergence of innate and adaptive responses stimulated by PSA. Optimization of the Th1 cytokine interferon-γ in PSA-stimulated dendritic cell–CD4+ T cell co-cultures depends on both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and antigen presentation. Synergy between the innate and adaptive responses was also shown when TLR2−/− mice exhibited impaired intraabdominal abscess formation in response to B. fragilis. Commensal bacteria, using molecules like PSA, potentially modulate the Th1/Th2 cell balance and the response to infection by coordinating both the innate and adaptive pathways.

Association of HLA-DR, DQ genotype with different beta-cell functions at IDDM diagnosis in Japanese children

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1893-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sugihara ◽  
T. Sakamaki ◽  
S. Konda ◽  
A. Murata ◽  
K. Wataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hla Dr

scholarly journals Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Song ◽  
Dazhi Tang ◽  
Shaojia Yan ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, many of which are caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various immune cell functions change with age in modern broilers. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of development of the immunity of the broiler chickens in cage. Results The results showed that there were 3 development patterns of immunity in the broiler chickens. The first pattern was Down-Up. Cytokines and some immune indicators first decreased and then increased, and the lowest levels of immunity basically occurred from d 6 to 13. The second pattern was Up-Down, and from d 30 to 34, the highest levels of non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood mononuclear macrophage ratio, specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood helper T (Th) cell ratio and T cell and B cell proliferation activity, and mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal CD4, TGF-β1 and IgA mRNA levels, were observed. The third pattern was Up-Up, and the levels of the non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the serum nitric oxide (NO), C3 and C4 levels, the specific cellular immunity components, such as the spleen index, peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-4, cytotoxic T (Tc) cell ratio, and splenic NF-κB mRNA levels, the humoral immunity components, such as the serum IgG level, the mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal MHC-II, CD3d, TCRβ subunit, TCRζ subunit, IFN-γ, pIgR mRNA and ileal mucosa sIgA levels, were continuing to increase from d 1 to 34. Conclusions It could be concluded that the immune system and its function have not developed well in the broiler chickens d 6 to 13 and that the immune system does not mature until d 30 to 34 in the broiler chickens in cages. It is necessary to enhance the immune function of the broiler chickens through nutritional measures from d 1 to 30.

scholarly journals Toll-like-receptor-3 function is critical for aortic valve stenosis development in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T Niepmann ◽  
A.S Boucher ◽  
M Bulic ◽  
P.R Goody ◽  
F Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Aortic Valve Area ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valve diseases in the western world. After having been considered a passive degenerative process, which develops as an inevitable consequence of age-related valvular degeneration, basic research of the last two decades has led to a paradigm shift. It is now believed that AS pathophysiology is driven by distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms which include inflammatory pathways. In recent years, Toll-like-receptor-3 (TLR3) has emerged as a major regulator of vascular inflammation. TLR3 is a lysosomal pattern recognition receptor that recognizes single and double stranded RNA. Its activation leads to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via NFkb activation. The role of TLR3 in the development of AS has never been investigated. Methods Severe AS was induced in Wildtype-, ApoE- and TLR3/ApoE−/− mice. For this, a coronary springwire was used to induce an endothelial injury under echocardiographic guidance. Stenosis development was confirmed via ultrasound examinations. To inhibit TLR-3 activation, TLR3/RNA- Complex inhibitor C4a was injected every 48h after wire injury in WT mice. Valves were explanted and stained with hematoxylin/eosin (valve thickening) or anti-68 (macrophage infiltration). Valves from patients who received aortic valve replacement due to AS or aortic regurgitation (AR) were collected and mRNA levels of TLR3 and MyD88 were measured with use of quantitative-PCR. Results To evaluate weather TLR3 effects AS development in mice, we subjected TLR3/ApoE double- and ApoE knockout mice to our model of wire-induced AS. Surprisingly, TLR3 deficient mice failed to develop AS after wire injury. Peak velocity measurements showed no increase and histological analysis showed lower aortic valve area and macrophage infiltration compared to control mice. In order to pharmacological inhibit TLR3, WT mice were treated with C4a after wire injury. Compared to PBS control, C4a mice also did not develop AS upon wire injury. Trans-aortic valve peak velocity levels were significantly lower in C4a mice. Histological analysis underlined these results and showed thinner aortic valves and decreased macrophage infiltration in C4a mice comparted to control animals. To confirm our hypothesis, the expression of TLR3 and its downstream effector MyD88 were measured in human aortic valve specimens. qPCR analysis revealed decreased TLR3 and MyD88 expression in patients with AS compared to patients with AR. Conclusion In the presented study, we present first data that theTLR3 has a crucial role in the development of AS in mice. The exact downstream effects after TLR3 activation in AS need to be further investigated. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)

Association of HLA-DR, DQ Genotype With Different  -Cell Functions at IDDM Diagnosis in Japanese Children

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1893-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sugihara ◽  
T. Sakamaki ◽  
S. Konda ◽  
A. Murata ◽  
K. Wataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hla Dr

scholarly journals Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with allergic rhinitis: a case control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nilsson ◽  
Anand Kumar Andiappan ◽  
Christer Halldén ◽  
Wang De Yun ◽  
Torbjörn Säll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Sini Decoction Improves Adrenal Function and the Short-Term Outcome of Septic Rats through Downregulation of Adrenal Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Lai ◽  
Gengbiao Zhou ◽  
Shutao Mai ◽  
Xiaolian Qin ◽  
Wenting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
The Impact

Background. Sini Decoction (SND) is composed of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, having been used in China for centuries for collapsing phrase of disease. Studies reported that SND could alleviate inflammatory response, ameliorate microcirculatory disturbances, and improve shock reversal and adrenal gland glucocorticoid stress response during sepsis shock, yet the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is demonstrated to be crucially correlated with the corticosterone secretion and the impaired adrenal glucocorticoid responses in sepsis. Materials and Methods. SND at dose of 10 g/kg (in low-dose SND group, LD-SND) and 20 g/kg (in high-dose SND group, HD-SND) was administered to CLP rats. Four days later, overall survival rates of rats were calculated; rat serum and adrenal glands were collected. Basic serum corticosterone levels were determined, and the increase of corticosterone after 0.8 ug/kg ACTH injection was checked to detect the adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH. The protein and mRNA expression of TLR4 in adrenal glands were measured to study the impact of SND on TLR4 expression. mRNA levels of IL-10 and TNF-a in adrenal glands and IL-10 and TNF-a levels in serum were also determined to study the cytokines profile. Results. SND improved the cumulative survival rate of CLP rats up to 4 days (P < 0.05 with HD-SND) and adrenocortical sensitivity to 0.8 ug/kg ACTH stimulation (P < 0.05 at 60 mins, 31.02 ± 19.23 ng/ml in LD-SND group and 32.18 ± 14.88 ng/ml in HD-SND group versus 5.03 ± 13.34 ng/ml in CLP group), with a significant decrease of protein (P < 0.05, 29.6% in LD-SND group and 27.8% in HD-SND group), mRNA expression of TLR4 (P < 0.05, 32.9% in LD-SND group and 36.1% in HD-SND group), mRNA expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05, 32.0% in LD-SND group and 29.6% in HD-SND group), TNF-a in adrenal glands (P < 0.05, 26.0% in LD-SND group and 25.3% in HD-SND group), and TNF-a level in serum (P < 0.05, 100.20 ± 19.41 pg/ml in LD-SND group and 92.40 ± 11.66 pg/ml in HD-SND group versus 134.40 ± 27.87 pg/ml in CLP group). Conclusion. SND increased overall survival rate within 4 days and attenuated adrenal insufficiency in septic rats by downregulating TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in adrenal tissue, inhibiting adrenal production of TNF-α and IL-10, and improving adrenal responsiveness. Our results suggest that SND is able to ameliorate adrenal stress responses in a local immune-adrenal crosstalk way involving downregulated expression of TLR4 in adrenal tissue. SND might be a promising treatment for adrenal insufficiency prevention in prolonged sepsis.

Oxymatrine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by down-regulating Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B in macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ruhong Yan ◽  
Yae Hu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxymatrine (OMT) is the quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait. that has many pharmacological effects and is used for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases. In this study, RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 differentiated macrophages were pretreated with various concentrations of OMT at 2 h prior to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1.0 μg/mL) for different durations. We detected the anti-inflammatory effect of OMT in LPS-stimulated macrophages and investigated the molecular mechanism. We showed that OMT pretreatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in supernatant, attenuated the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), increased TLR4 and phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (p-IBα) in cytosol, and decreased the nuclear level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in macrophages. In conclusion, OMT exerts anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages by down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

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