Comparison between using phosphine and/or carbon dioxide for controlling Plodia interpunctella and Oryzaephilus surinamensis in stored date fruits

Abstract In Iran, the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is one of the most important pests of such stored products as date fruits and pistachio nuts. Ozone was applied as a gas at four concentrations (0, 2, 3, and 5 ppm) for four different periods (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) on the immature stages of P. interpunctella. The results indicated that by increasing the concentration and exposure time, the rate of mortality increased for all tested stages. This study showed that 12-day-old larvae were more susceptible than other stages when exposed to 5 ppm ozone for 120 min. The next in order of susceptibility were pupae, then 5-day-old larvae, and 17-dayold larvae had the highest sensitivity to ozonation. At the highest concentration of ozone, for the longest time, the least mortality rate was recorded for one-day-old eggs. According to the results, a reduction in the population density of P. interpunctella in laboratory experiments is promising. However, validation studies will be necessary to fully determine the potential of ozone as a replacement for the current post harvest chemical control of P. interpunctella on either pistachio nuts or date fruits.

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Experimental Studies on Boring Ability of Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linné, Plodia interpunctella Hübner and Cadra cautella Walker on Packing Materials

Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) ◽

10.3358/shokueishi.11.suppl_s40 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (suppl) ◽

pp. S40-S44

Author(s):

Eikichi NAKADA ◽

Masao BENOKI

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Plodia Interpunctella ◽

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽

Packing Materials ◽

Cadra Cautella

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Changes in stored-wheat ecosystems infested with two combinations of insect species

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z80-211 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (9) ◽

pp. 1524-1534 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. D. G. White ◽

R. N. Sinha

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

The Other ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽

Stored Wheat ◽

Seed Damage ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Multiple Species

The consequences of infestation of bulk-stored wheat by multiple species of insects were determined for 60 weeks at 30 ± 2 °C. Eight 204-L drums containing wheat at 15.5% moisture content were used as three distinct systems: (I) Control system (two drums), insect free; (II) RST system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Rhyzopertha dominica F., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); and (III) COT system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and T. castaneum. At triweekly intervals carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, grain moisture, seed damage, grain weight, dust weight, fat acidity values (FAV), seed germination, microflora, and the numbers of insects and the mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist were measured. Seeds died by week 15 and bacterial infection on them increased in all systems. The seed FAVs in the RST system peaked by week 30 and then declined steadily while these values were increasing continuously in the Control and levelling off in the COT systems. Insects multiplied exponentially for 6–15 weeks and then declined sharply or maintained oscillating populations; Sitophilus and Oryzaephilus were unable to survive in the presence of the other insects.

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Insect Infestation associated with French shelled Walnuts with particular Reference to the Occurrence of Aphomia gularis (Zell.) (Lep., Galleriidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300054754 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 711-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. G. Smith

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Considerable Increase ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Plodia Interpunctella ◽

Control Measures ◽

The Other ◽

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽

Insect Infestation ◽

General Application ◽

Dried Fruit

Walnuts grown and shelled in the Dordogne and adjacent regions of France are exported to Britain and other countries. The inspection of cargoes arriving at Liverpool between July 1955 and July 1958 has shown that they may frequently be infested by a number of species of insect pests. Of the 20 species recorded, six occurred regularly. These were Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Aphomia gularis (Zell.), Plodia interpunctella (Hb.), Cryptophagus subfumatus Kraatz, Nemapogon granella (L.) and Enarmonia sp. During that period, changes occurred in the levels of infestation on parcels and the relative abundance of the species. In particular, there was a considerable increase in the occurrence of O. surinamensis. Though the general levels of infestation were light, parts of 58 per cent, of the cargoes had to be fumigated to prevent pests being distributed to factories, bakeries and shops in Britain and on transhipped parcels to Canada, U.S.A. and the Eepublic of Ireland. Though many of the species found are already established in those countries where conditions are suitable for their development some are still limited in their distribution. These include A. gularis, a serious pest of nuts, dried fruit and cereals. If the further spread of this and the other pests is to be prevented there is need for a more general application of control measures in the country of origin with strict control and possibly fumigation of cargoes before shipment.

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