EARLY BYZANTINE MOLIVDOVUL OF BYZANTINE KHERSON WITH A RARE IMAGE TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Alekseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Image Type ◽  
Early Byzantine

The article is devoted to a rare sphragistic type − an image of Christ presented on one of the molivduls, originating from the Byzantine Kherson. The rare image of the Saviour, usually found on the seals of emperors and rare high-ranking dignitaries, most likely suggests the high status of the owner of molivdovul from Kherson. Given the rather rare name of the sigillant, it is possible that the owner of the Kherson seal could be one of the eparchs of the Byzantine capital of the seventh century, also named Irenaeus.

A Seventh-Century High-Status Settlement at Long Wittenham, Oxfordshire

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 23-49
Author(s):  
Adam McBride ◽  
Helena Hamerow ◽  
Jane Harrison ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
High Status ◽  
Distinctive Type

This article reports the results of recent fieldwork carried out at Long Wittenham, Oxfordshire. The site at Long Wittenham had previously been identified from aerial photographs and LiDAR as a possible seventh-century great hall complex – a distinctive type of high-status settlement – but the site had never been ground-truthed. Fieldwork was therefore undertaken to confirm the nature and date of the Long Wittenham cropmarks, through geophysical survey, metal-detecting and three seasons of excavation. The results have confirmed the existence of high-status seventh-century buildings at Long Wittenham, but the largest building previously identified at Long Wittenham is now interpreted as a Roman enclosure, leaving the complex of buildings without an exceptionally large hall. This complicates the interpretation of the site, suggesting that Long Wittenham may have been a secondary high-status site, potentially subordinate to the great hall complex at Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire.

scholarly journals Who Belongs? How Status Influences the Experience of Gemeinschaft

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Cary Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
High Status ◽  
Cumulative Advantage ◽  
Status Hierarchy ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Using Data

Belonging is a central human aspiration, one that has drawn attention from sociologists and social psychologists alike. Who is likely to realize this aspiration? This paper addresses that question by examining how “we-feeling”—the experience of gemeinschaft—is distributed within small groups. Previous research has argued that the feeling of belonging is positively related to a person’s social status through a cumulative advantage process. But high status can recast the responsibilities of group life as burdens if a person regards them as incongruent with his or her rank, and this can dim one’s feelings toward the group. This paper proposes that a “high-status penalty” diminishes we-feeling for high-ranking individuals, thereby concentrating we-feeling in the middle of a status hierarchy. It tests this theory using data from the Urban Communes Project, a survey of 60 naturally occurring communities. The findings suggest that status-incongruent responsibilities can suppress the benefits of status at the top of a hierarchy.

scholarly journals The Chickpea (ἐρέβινϑος; Cicer arietinum L) as a Medicinal Foodstuff and Medicine in Selected Greek Medical Writings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Jolanta Dybała
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Medical Writings

Leguminous plants were a crucially important element in the Mediterranean diet, and, as such, these plants were second only to cereals. It is also important to note that according to medical writings preserved from antiquity and the early Byzantine period they were considered to be an accessible source of substances which could be applied in therapeutics. One of the most commonly mentioned legumes was the chickpea. The source material demonstrates that the medicinal properties of the chickpea and its therapeutic use were discussed by Greek physicians as early as in the fourth century BC. It seems that the plant was a readily accessible medicament and thus used in therapy also by those who could not afford costly medicines. The authors argue, however, that the medical theory concerning its role in therapeutics evolved into a fully developed form only in the first century AD (thanks to Dioscorides) and was not modified by Galen. The doctrine of these two physicians became part of the medical encyclopaedias of the early Byzantine period. The presented material also illustrates the fact that a significant number of medicinal Recipes which involved using the chickpea were formulated between the second century BC and the second century AD. Byzantine physicians avidly used these formulas in their practice, but failed to develop them in a significantly innovative way. The surviving medical writings make it possible to conclude that the chickpea was believed to be a highly effective medicine and as such worthy of cultivation, which only testifies to the general popularity of the plant. Medical writings may serve as a proof that the chickpea remained a key element in the Mediterranean diet throughout the period from the fourth century BC to the seventh century AD. The analysed material demonstrates the use of the same basic varieties of the erebinthos throughout the period, even though some local variants were also identified. The consistency of the data also suggests that the scale and methods of cultivation of this plant remained unchanged. The culinary uses of the chickpea must also have been the same throughout the period, given that the writers discussed similar uses of the plant as a foodstuff.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Function and Provenance of the Glass in the Plato von Ustinow Collection

CLARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Ingemark
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Art Dealers ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
Early Byzantine

The Russian émigré Plato von Ustinow – who settled in Palestine in 1862 and lived there until 1913 – was a keen collector of antiquities. In contrast to other collectors, however, von Ustinow did not purchase the objects from art-dealers. Instead, he appears to have worked with professional archaeologists, but also bought objects from local inhabitants in Jaffa and Jerusalem. His collection includes a substantial number of glass vessels: primarily blown vessels dating to the first- to sixth- or seventh century CE, i.e. the Roman and Early Byzantine era. The von Ustinow collection is comparatively homogeneous, and most of the objects are likely to stem from a relatively limited geographical area, as it closely resembles material from funerary contexts found in modern-day Israel. The collection includes a number of perfume bottles, small jars and kohl-flasks, objects most probably utilised in the preparation of the deceased before burial.

THE GOLD AND GARNET CHAIN FROM ISENBÜTTEL, GERMANY: A POSSIBLE PIN SUITE WITH ANGLO-SAXON PARALLELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hilgner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loop Chain ◽  
And Function

The ‘Isenbüttel gold necklace’, now in the Lower Saxony State Museum in Hanover, was found almost a century ago in Lower Saxony, an area with no history of early medieval gold finds or richly furnished burials. As no parallels are known for the object, scholars have long debated the dating, provenance and function of this unique loop-in-loop chain, with its animal-head terminals and garnet cloisonné. Recent excavations of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries dating to the seventh century have, however, added new finds to the small corpus of objects known as ‘pin suites’, consisting of comparatively short pins perhaps designed to fix a veil or a light shawl in the collar area, with ornate pinheads, linked by chains. This paper focuses on Anglo-Saxon pin suites from high-status burials of the second half of the seventh century and seeks to set the finds group in its wider social and historical context, revealing the far-reaching relationships that existed between early medieval elites.

The effects of social status on life-history variation in juvenile salmon

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2630-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B. Metcalfe ◽  
Felicity A. Huntingford ◽  
John E. Thorpe ◽  
Colin E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
High Status ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Modal Group

Under good growing conditions, juvenile Atlantic salmon metamorphose into the migratory smolt stage at 1+ or 2+ years of age. The life-history decision on whether or not to migrate at 1+ years is made in July–August of the previous year. After this time, populations develop a bimodal size distribution, the larger fish (upper modal group) being the 1+ smolts and the lower modal group being fish that will smolt at 2+. Fish of high social status are more likely to become 1+ smolts. We examined the causal nature of this relationship by manipulating status within a laboratory population of sibling fish. The absolute status of individual fish was estimated within 2 weeks of first feeding. Relative status was then manipulated by dividing the population into two, half containing the fish with the highest absolute status (high ranking) and the remaining half of fish of lowest absolute status (low ranking). The status of individually marked fish was then determined within each of the two groups. Individual growth rates were monitored until smolting strategies were apparent. There was a complete overlap in the sizes of subsequent upper and lower modal group parr in early June, but from late June onwards fish in the upper modal group grew faster. The high- and low-ranking groups did not differ either in mean growth rates or in the proportions of fish adopting the alternative smolting strategies. However, they differed in the factors that influenced an individual's developmental strategy: within the high-ranking group, relative social status in June was a significant predictor of whether a fish would smolt aged 1+, whereas length at that time was not. In contrast, no relationship between status and smolting strategy was found in the low-ranking group, where differences in status were less clear-cut and had less influence on growth. Instead, age of smolting could be predicted from early growth rate. These results demonstrate that the influence of status on smolting depends on the extent to which fish of high status suppress the growth of those lower in the hierarchy.

Early Byzantine sigillographic evidence from western Anatolia: sixth- and seventh-century lead seals from Bergama (ancient Pergamon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Ergün Laflı ◽  
Werner Seibt ◽  
Doğukan Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Early Byzantine

This article presents twelve lead seals from the Museum of Bergama (ancient Pergamon), dating from the late sixth to the early eighth century. We offer a descriptive catalogue of these early Byzantine seals preserved in a western Turkish museum. In the introduction, seals excavated in Pergamon as well as seals referring to Pergamon are briefly discussed. The owners of the twelve seals in the museum were primarily ecclesiastical or legal dignitaries who were probably active in Pergamon, in southwestern Mysia, in Aeolis or in Lydia.

The Burial of A Princess? The Later Seventh-Century Cemetery At Westfield Farm, Ely

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 81-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Lucy ◽  
Richard Newman ◽  
Natasha Dodwell ◽  
Catherine Hills ◽  
Michiel Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
Anglo Saxon

AbstractThis paper reports on the excavation of a small, but high-status, later seventh-century Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Ely. Of fifteen graves, two were particularly well furnished, one of which was buried with a gold and silver necklace that included a cross pendant, as well as two complete glass palm cups and a composite comb, placed within a wooden padlocked casket. The paper reports on the skeletal and artefactual material (including isotopic analysis of the burials), and seeks to set the site in its wider social and historical context, arguing that this cemetery may well have been associated with the first monastery in Ely, founded by Etheldreda in ad 673.

In the path of the Maize God: a royal tomb at Nakum, Petén, Guatemala

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (329) ◽  
pp. 890-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Źrałka ◽  
Wiesław Koszkul ◽  
Simon Martin ◽  
Bernard Hermes
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Maya Site

The authors describe the excavation and interpretation of an intact seventh-century high status burial at the Maya site of Nakum. The dead person wore an incised pectoral with an eventful biography, having started out as an Olmec heirloom 1000 years before. No less impressive was the series of votive rituals found to have been enacted at the tomb for another 100 years or more. The beautiful objects, their architectural setting and the long story they recount, offer a heart-breaking indictment of the multiple losses due to looting.

scholarly journals Genealogy in the 19th Century: Obligation and Means, Versus Experience and Emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Agnė Railaitė-Bardė
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
High Status ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Genealogical Trees ◽  
Family Case ◽  
The 19Th Century

Genealogy and genealogical self-awareness were very important elements of the frame of a noble society’s fortress in the 19th century. The analysis of some genealogical trees, schemes, etc. and the diary-memoir of a noble woman Gabrielė Giunterytė-Puzinienė showed several genealogical aspects treasured by nobles. Family members who were high-ranking soldiers, patrons, or belonged to the clergy were treated very respectfully. Having a wide net of family ties and high-status relatives were a remarkable tool for showing ones family’s origin and position in the society. Wealth played an important role as well. Various official and legal documents, individual contemplations, memories and memoirs of other persons or armorials created by Szymon Okolski and Bartosh Paprocki served as remarkable sources for keeping the genealogical memory of families alive. Genealogical trees, schemes etc. could be treated as more reliable sources for genealogical self-awareness because of the elimination of the subjective viewpoint, as we can face it in the abovementioned diary. Nevertheless, the Giedraitis Family case negated this statement. G. Giunterytė-Puzinienė’s diary-memoir is an extraordinary source for exploring genealogical identity. Genealogy is a vivid and detailed story in this book. One can smell, hear, and touch it. Collective holidays, events, and various forms of recreation became tools for strengthening the genealogical self-awareness and family memory.

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