scholarly journals Considerations on the Function and Provenance of the Glass in the Plato von Ustinow Collection

CLARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Ingemark
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Art Dealers ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
Early Byzantine

The Russian émigré Plato von Ustinow – who settled in Palestine in 1862 and lived there until 1913 – was a keen collector of antiquities. In contrast to other collectors, however, von Ustinow did not purchase the objects from art-dealers. Instead, he appears to have worked with professional archaeologists, but also bought objects from local inhabitants in Jaffa and Jerusalem. His collection includes a substantial number of glass vessels: primarily blown vessels dating to the first- to sixth- or seventh century CE, i.e. the Roman and Early Byzantine era. The von Ustinow collection is comparatively homogeneous, and most of the objects are likely to stem from a relatively limited geographical area, as it closely resembles material from funerary contexts found in modern-day Israel. The collection includes a number of perfume bottles, small jars and kohl-flasks, objects most probably utilised in the preparation of the deceased before burial.

City, Town, and Countryside in the Early Byzantine Era

1984 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine MacCormack ◽  
Robert L. Hohlfelder
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Era ◽  
Early Byzantine

The Imperial Administration and the Church in Byzantine Africa

1967 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Markus
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
The Church

There are only two moments during the Byzantine era at which the African Church emerges into something like daylight: on the morrow of the reconquest, in the middle years of the sixth century, and again almost a century later, under the emperors Heraclius and Constans II. Both in the controversies over the ‘three chapters’ under Justinian, and in those over monothelitism in the seventh century, the African Church took the lead in resisting what seemed, in the eyes of its leading churchmen, attempts by the Court to subvert the Chalcedonian orthodoxy.

scholarly journals The Chickpea (ἐρέβινϑος; Cicer arietinum L) as a Medicinal Foodstuff and Medicine in Selected Greek Medical Writings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Jolanta Dybała
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Medical Writings

Leguminous plants were a crucially important element in the Mediterranean diet, and, as such, these plants were second only to cereals. It is also important to note that according to medical writings preserved from antiquity and the early Byzantine period they were considered to be an accessible source of substances which could be applied in therapeutics. One of the most commonly mentioned legumes was the chickpea. The source material demonstrates that the medicinal properties of the chickpea and its therapeutic use were discussed by Greek physicians as early as in the fourth century BC. It seems that the plant was a readily accessible medicament and thus used in therapy also by those who could not afford costly medicines. The authors argue, however, that the medical theory concerning its role in therapeutics evolved into a fully developed form only in the first century AD (thanks to Dioscorides) and was not modified by Galen. The doctrine of these two physicians became part of the medical encyclopaedias of the early Byzantine period. The presented material also illustrates the fact that a significant number of medicinal Recipes which involved using the chickpea were formulated between the second century BC and the second century AD. Byzantine physicians avidly used these formulas in their practice, but failed to develop them in a significantly innovative way. The surviving medical writings make it possible to conclude that the chickpea was believed to be a highly effective medicine and as such worthy of cultivation, which only testifies to the general popularity of the plant. Medical writings may serve as a proof that the chickpea remained a key element in the Mediterranean diet throughout the period from the fourth century BC to the seventh century AD. The analysed material demonstrates the use of the same basic varieties of the erebinthos throughout the period, even though some local variants were also identified. The consistency of the data also suggests that the scale and methods of cultivation of this plant remained unchanged. The culinary uses of the chickpea must also have been the same throughout the period, given that the writers discussed similar uses of the plant as a foodstuff.

City, Town, and Countryside in the Early Byzantine Era

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Alexander ◽  
Robert Hohlfelder
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Era ◽  
Early Byzantine

Pre-diaspora Arabic

Diachronica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Owens
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Arabic

Arabic dialects, the native spoken Arabic of about 250 million people, are spread over an immense, contiguous geographical area from Iran to Lake Chad, from Morocco to Yemen. Corresponding to this geographical spread is considerable linguistic diversity. An explanation for this diversity has proved elusive. The existence of variants found either in the modern dialects or in the Classical literature (or both), which are not self-evidently derivable from a normalized Classical Arabic (largely standardized by the ninth century), argues for a more diverse set of inputs into the Arabic which spread outwards from the Arabian Peninsula beginning in the seventh century. I elucidate this problem by comparing four varieties of Arabic located in widely separated areas and settled at different times. To account for the internal diversity of the areas compared, a dataset is established with 49 phonological and morphological features, which, using simple statistical procedures, permits a normalized comparison of the varieties. From this set of variables, two specific linguistic features are discussed in detail and reconstructions proposed, which place their origins in a pre-diaspora variety. I conclude that the Arabic which preceded the Arabic diaspora of the seventh century was considerably more diverse than interpretations of the history of Arabic traditionally allow for. Additional information and data: http://german.lss.wisc.edu/Diachronica/Owens/pdfs.htm

Early Byzantine sigillographic evidence from western Anatolia: sixth- and seventh-century lead seals from Bergama (ancient Pergamon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Ergün Laflı ◽  
Werner Seibt ◽  
Doğukan Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Early Byzantine

This article presents twelve lead seals from the Museum of Bergama (ancient Pergamon), dating from the late sixth to the early eighth century. We offer a descriptive catalogue of these early Byzantine seals preserved in a western Turkish museum. In the introduction, seals excavated in Pergamon as well as seals referring to Pergamon are briefly discussed. The owners of the twelve seals in the museum were primarily ecclesiastical or legal dignitaries who were probably active in Pergamon, in southwestern Mysia, in Aeolis or in Lydia.

EARLY BYZANTINE MOLIVDOVUL OF BYZANTINE KHERSON WITH A RARE IMAGE TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Alekseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Image Type ◽  
Early Byzantine

The article is devoted to a rare sphragistic type − an image of Christ presented on one of the molivduls, originating from the Byzantine Kherson. The rare image of the Saviour, usually found on the seals of emperors and rare high-ranking dignitaries, most likely suggests the high status of the owner of molivdovul from Kherson. Given the rather rare name of the sigillant, it is possible that the owner of the Kherson seal could be one of the eparchs of the Byzantine capital of the seventh century, also named Irenaeus.

Byzantine Alchemy, or the Era of Systematization

2018 ◽  
pp. 942-964
Author(s):  
Cristina Viano
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Early Byzantine

The chapter shows how the texts of early Byzantine alchemy transformed the alchemical tradition. This period is characterized by a generation of “commentators” tied to the Neoplatonic milieu. Their writings, designed primarily to clarify the ideas of the previous generations, represent the most advanced stage of ancient alchemical theory. In the fifth century, authors external to alchemy explicitly speak of alchemy as a contemporary practice to produce gold from other metals. Around the seventh century, the corpus of alchemical texts began to be assembled as an anthology of extracts. The object of the research was agents of transformations of matter. The cause of the transformation is an active principle that acts by dissolution: “divine water” (or sulfur water), mercury, “chrysocolla” (gold solder), or raw sulfur. Mercury is at once the dyeing agent and the prime metallic matter, understood as the common substrate of the transformations and the principle of liquidity.

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