scholarly journals Interspecific differences in whole-plant respiration vs. biomass scaling relationships: A case study using evergreen conifer and angiosperm tree seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Cheng ◽  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Quanlin Zhong ◽  
Yusheng Yang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Evergreen Conifer ◽  
Plant Respiration

Impact of reactive settler models on simulated WWTP performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Gernaey ◽  
U. Jeppsson ◽  
D.J. Batstone ◽  
P. Ingildsen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Model Block ◽  
Simulation Results

Including a reactive settler model in a wastewater treatment plant model allows representation of the biological reactions taking place in the sludge blanket in the settler, something that is neglected in many simulation studies. The idea of including a reactive settler model is investigated for an ASM1 case study. Simulations with a whole plant model including the non-reactive Takács settler model are used as a reference, and are compared to simulation results considering two reactive settler models. The first is a return sludge model block removing oxygen and a user-defined fraction of nitrate, combined with a non-reactive Takács settler. The second is a fully reactive ASM1 Takács settler model. Simulations with the ASM1 reactive settler model predicted a 15.3% and 7.4% improvement of the simulated N removal performance, for constant (steady-state) and dynamic influent conditions respectively. The oxygen/nitrate return sludge model block predicts a 10% improvement of N removal performance under dynamic conditions, and might be the better modelling option for ASM1 plants: it is computationally more efficient and it will not overrate the importance of decay processes in the settler.

A Comparison of the Respiratory Processes and Growth Rate of Selected Australian Alpine and Related Lowland Plant Species

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
OK Atkin ◽  
DA Day
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Plant Respiration

Respiratory processes and growth rates of alpine and lowland species of three genera (Ranunculus, Plantago and Luzula) were compared. Relative growth rates were determined for the first 14 weeks of growth at two temperatures (7-10°C and 12-15°C). Generally, the relative growth rates of the alpine species were lower than those of their lowland relatives. Whole-plant respiration rates were measured and leaf slices from each species were used for a detailed analysis of respiratory pathways. Major differences were found between genera, particularly in their alternative oxidase activity, but respiratory patterns (both whole-plant respiration rates and the relative rates of cytochrome and alternative pathways in leaf slices) were maintained within a given genus, independent of the environmental or geographical origin of each species from that genus. The lack of correlation between growth rates and respiration rates suggests that the alpine plants used their respiratory products less efficiently than did the lowland species.

Static and Dynamic Neural Networks for Simulation and Optimization of Cogeneration Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Zomorodian ◽  
Hiwa Khaledi ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Ghofrani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Dynamic Neural Networks ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Networks

In this paper, the application of neural networks for simulation and optimization of the cogeneration systems has been presented. CGAM problem, a benchmark in cogeneration systems, is chosen as a case study. Thermodynamic model includes precise modeling of the whole plant. For simulation of the steady sate behavior, the static neural network is applied. Then using dynamic neural network, plant is optimized thermodynamically. Multi layer feed forward neural networks is chosen as static net and recurrent neural networks as dynamic net. The steady state behavior of CGAM problem is simulated by MFNN. Subsequently, it is optimized by dynamic net. Results of static net have excellence agreement with simulator data. Dynamic net shows that in thermodynamic optimization condition, σ and pinch point temperature difference have the lowest value, while CPR reaches a high value. Sensitivity study shows turbomachinery efficiencies have the highest effect on the performance of the system in optimum condition.

scholarly journals Plant respiration: controlled by photosynthesis or biomass?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Collalti ◽  
Mark G. Tjoelker ◽  
Günter Hoch ◽  
Annikki Mäkelä ◽  
Gabriele Guidolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Turnover ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Respiration

AbstractTwo simplifying hypotheses have been proposed for whole-plant respiration. One links respiration to photosynthesis; the other to biomass. Using a first-principles carbon balance model with a prescribed live woody biomass turnover, applied at a forest research site where multidecadal measurements are available for comparison, we show that if turnover is fast the accumulation of respiring biomass is low and respiration depends primarily on photosynthesis; while if turnover is slow the accumulation of respiring biomass is high and respiration depends primarily on biomass. But the first scenario is inconsistent with evidence for substantial carryover of fixed carbon between years, while the second implies far too great an increase in respiration during stand development – leading to depleted carbohydrate reserves and an unrealistically high mortality risk. These two mutually incompatible hypotheses are thus both incorrect. Respiration isnotlinearly related either to photosynthesis or to biomass, but it is more strongly controlled by recent photosynthates (and reserve availability) than by total biomass.

scholarly journals Cold Storage Method Affects Root and Shoot Water Potential of Bare-root Hawthorn and Maple Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Tree

Abstract Desiccation of bare-root tree seedlings during storage can result in reduced growth and poor quality after transplanting. For 12 weeks, shoot and root water potentials of bare-root Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Medic.) seedlings were measured in response to four cold storage treatments: whole plant exposed, roots exposed, shoots exposed, whole plant covered. In another experiment, water loss was measured from stem sections of both species during four weeks of cold storage. Shoot and root water potentials decreased during storage regardless of treatment or species. For maple, shoot and root water potentials of the exposed shoot treatment were the same as the whole plant covered treatment. In contrast, hawthorn shoot and root water potentials of the exposed shoot treatment were lower (more negative) than for the whole plant covered treatment. Most of the water stress experienced by roots and shoots of both species accumulated during the first six weeks of storage. Water loss was greater for hawthorn stem sections than for maple during the first two weeks of storage. Results indicated that while protection of roots of all bare-root stock reduces water loss, sensitive species such as Washington hawthorn require both root and shoot protection to minimize water loss.

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