An in-depth study of households in crisis in the blind spot of the public assistance system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-49
Author(s):  
Songho Yoon ◽  
Juyoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Public Assistance ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Depth Study

Japanese historical challenge of social inclusion: from the digitally restored household survey data on receiving social security in 1952

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Shinichi Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
The Public

This paper explores the historical challenge of social inclusion relying on the example of the Japanese social security system. The current public assistance system in Japan is grounded on the Public Assistance Act of 1951, which was originally constituted in 1946 and already declared equal treatment of all citizens. We will focus on a hidden aspect in this introductory period of the public assistance system, the actual situations of people who depend on it. We have digitally restored a survey data for households receiving public assistance. This data was collected in a Japanese prefecture in 1952. The results of this survey indicate that differences in poverty by gender are remarkable. For male householders, the total number of events that caused the onset of public assistance, principally injured or diseases, in 1950 or 1951 was more than that of 1944 or 1945. On the other hand, for female householders, the events of 1944 or 1945 were related to the Second World War, principally the death of male breadwinners, which induced poverty. Moreover, we broke down recipients by gender, age, and household types and revealed, in particular, two facts. First, many widows were receiving public assistance, but not all had lost their spouses in the war. Second, the largest age cluster of recipients was composed of children in the compulsory education age group. The increasing inclusion of the ‘standard’ type of household indicates the success of the Public Assistance Act’s universalism. This digitally restored sample has much potential to provide detailed descriptions of life courses and information on the jobs of household members.

Seeing justice done: Courtroom filming and the deceptions of transparency

2019 ◽  
pp. 174165901988376
Author(s):  
Sarah Moore ◽  
Alex Clayton ◽  
Hector Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a global shift towards courtroom broadcasting in a bid to extend the public gallery into a virtual realm. Such initiatives tend to be based on the idea that transmitting the courtroom boosts transparency and with it public trust in criminal justice. This is an untested ambition. Moreover, the idea that filming opens a window onto the courtroom comes up against the reality that any transmission entails translation, involving choices and compromises. Based on an in-depth study of courtroom filming and audience response, this article identifies two globally dominant stylistic modes and analyses their meaning and reception. We found that different stylistic modes prompt different types of audience engagement and allow for different levels of comprehension. The analysis therefore provides an insight into how courtroom footage is consumed by the viewing public. It also contributes to our understanding of the norms and values of institutional transparency.

Reconsidering the Linkage between Public Assistance and Public Opinion in the American Welfare State

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUNDRA K. SCHNEIDER ◽  
WILLIAM G. JACOBY
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Mass Attitudes ◽  
Reciprocal Influences

In an article published in this Journal, we have examined whether American welfare recipients possess beliefs and attitudes that differ from mainstream public opinion. Although our findings cast doubt on the existence of a widespread ‘culture of dependence’, we do show that programme beneficiaries exhibit self-interested support for government policies that provide assistance to needy segments of the population. However, our analysis – like most others on this topic – assumes that welfare participation affects opinions and not vice versa. This is problematic because there are theoretical reasons to believe that influences flow in the opposite direction, as well. Therefore, some important questions remain to be answered: is it really the case that welfare participation, itself, shapes the outlook of programme beneficiaries? Or do political attitudes affect reliance on public assistance in the first place?In this Research Note, we examine the underlying structure of the relationship between welfare participation and attitudes towards government activity. Our analysis uses the 1992 Center for Political Studies (CPS) National Election Study, the same dataset employed in the earlier article. But, we test a statistical model that allows for reciprocal influences between welfare and public opinion. The empirical results reinforce the earlier conclusion that welfare participation has an impact on mass attitudes. Conversely, political attitudes have no effect on whether citizens use public aid. Mirroring our earlier work, we find that people who rely on governmental assistance take rational, self-interested positions on the public policy issues which operate to their own direct benefit.

scholarly journals The Public Assistance Worker

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1238-1239
Author(s):  
Catherine Groves Peele
Keyword(s):  
Public Assistance ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals The Red Boat Spirit Leads the University’s Ideal and Belief Education Path from the Perspective of Identity Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p10
Author(s):  
Zhai Xijuan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The University ◽  
The Ideal

The Red boat spirit is the spirit formed by the Communist Party of China during the revolution, which contains rich ideals and beliefs and educational resources. It is a spiritual pillar for the construction and development of the CPC itself, so it has a unique value for guiding the ideal and belief education of college students. Identity theory provides a new perspective for exploring the era value of the Red Boat spirit leading the ideal and belief education in colleges and universities. At present, the public, especially college students’ awareness and recognition of the Red Boat spirit deserve more in-depth study. Through the exploration and integration of theory and practice, this paper plans from the following aspects: the guidance of Red Boat spirit to college students’ ideal and belief education, the improvement of the effectiveness of college students’ ideal and belief education, the core of which is to grasp the essential point of agreement between the Red Boat spirit and college students’ ideals and beliefs, find the agreement between the two from the perspective of homology and identity, explore the role of improving the Red Boat spirit culture in leading college students’ ideals and beliefs, and enhance the university students’ awareness and identity of the Red Boat spirit.

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