scholarly journals Importance of Chemical Therapy in Relapsing Polychondritis � a Disease with Impact on the Eye Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Sanda Jurja ◽  
Mihaela Mehedinti ◽  
Rodica Sirbu ◽  
Malina Coman ◽  
Emin Cadar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Relapsing Polychondritis ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Treatment Pathways ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Case Series Report

Relapsing polychondritis (RP), falls into the category of rare diseases. The true incidence and prevalence of this rare disease is unknown. The ocular implications in relapsing polychondritis (RP) are numerous and variable, including mainly inflammation in different structures of the eye. As a complication of this inflammatory condition, a closed secondary angle glaucoma has been described. The purpose of our work is to highlight the diversity of ocular determinations of the same rare disease, including different types of glaucoma that may occur under the same circumstances and to make a detailed analysis of chemical therapies based on drug treatment pathways. The paper includes a report of the cases series admitted to the Clinic of Ophthalmology in St. Andrew Emergency Clinical Hospital, Constanta, between 2007 and 2018, cases analyzed and compared with international literature. One of the cases is a 43-year-old male patient with bilateral open-angle bilateral glaucoma. Other cases with RP, are patients of 41 and 46 years old, respectively, presented with unilateral episcleritis. This case series report aims to show that RP can associate even more protean ocular manifestations than already discussed in the literature, with specific chemical therapies and to emphasize the need for team approach and ophthalmological monitoring in the care of RP patients with chemical therapy (drug treatment) for each patient.

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgical treatment of varicose veins

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J G Testroote ◽  
C H A Wittens
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Varicose Vein Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Case Series Report

Introduction: There is no consensus among surgeons with regard to prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgical treatment of varicose veins. We performed a systematic review of the available literature. Methods: We systematically searched the online database from PubMed for studies about the incidence of VTE and thromboprophylaxis in varicose vein surgery. We included 13 papers for review. Results: The incidence of VTE after varicose vein surgery remains unclear. Most retrospective case series report an incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of approximately 1%, based on a clinical diagnosis. However, three prospective studies have systematically detected DVT by means of duplex ultrasound and showed that the true incidence might be 5–10 times higher than expected on a clinical basis. Discussion: More data on the incidence of VTE, and the need for postoperative thromboprophylaxis are necessary to formulate evidence-based clinical guidelines. Therefore, high-quality randomised clinical trials, with high numbers of included patients, and ideally comparing prophylaxis to placebo are warranted.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Rhinoscleroma: a case series report and review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 271 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Mukara ◽  
P. Munyarugamba ◽  
S. Dazert ◽  
J. Löhler
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Series Report ◽  
Series Report

Different Representations of Vertical Root Fractures Detected by Cone-Beam Volumetric Tomography: A Case Series Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Fayad ◽  
Paul J. Ashkenaz ◽  
Bradford R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Case Series Report ◽  
Root Fractures ◽  
Series Report

Evidence-based management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Syed ◽  
V S Sunkaraneni
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Specific Management

AbstractBackground:There are currently no guidelines in the UK for the specific management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis. The authors aimed to review the literature and provide an algorithm for the management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis.Method:The Medline and Embase databases were interrogated on 15 November 2013 using the search items ‘hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia’ (title), ‘epistaxis’ (title) and ‘treatment’ (title and abstract), and limiting the search to articles published in English.Results:A total of 46 publications were identified, comprising 1 systematic review, 2 randomised, controlled trials, 27 case series, 9 case reports, 4 questionnaire studies and 3in vitrostudies.Conclusion:There is a lack of high-level evidence for the use of many of the available treatments for the specific management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Current management should be based on a multidisciplinary team approach involving both a hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia physician and an ENT surgeon, especially when systemic therapy is being considered. The suggested treatment algorithm considers that the severity of epistaxis merits intervention at different levels of the treatment ladder. The patient should be assessed using a reproducible validated assessment tool, for example an epistaxis severity score, to guide treatment. More research is required, particularly in the investigation of topical agents targeting the development and fragility of telangiectasiae in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

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