Sterilization And Establishment Of Pineapple Shoot Tip

Present investigation was undertaken to standardize technique for in vitro micro-propagation of chickpea( Cicer arietinum ) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 12). Micropropagation method for chickpea was established and this method enabled much more efficient propagation of plants. The present work was aimed at evolving a protocol for rapid multiplication of chickpea using micropropagation technique. Explants from shoot tip and node segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin (1.0 to 2.5 mg/l) and their growth responses like shooting were elucidated. The maximum multiple response was observed with 2 mg/l concentration of BAP from both types of explant. The highest number of shoots (12.5 ± 0.3) was achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP using node segments. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP was found better than all other concentrations. Individual shoots were transferred to IBA and IAA (1.0-1.5 mg/l) for root induction. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of IBA proved better for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in greenhouse and established in the pot.

Download Full-text

Mutagen treatment affects the regeneration efficiency of the shoot-tip explant in Celosia cristate L. (Cockscomb)

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.80.3.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Rupesh S. Badere ◽

Pallavi K. Rinkey

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Multiple Shoot ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Shoot Induction ◽

Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽

Multiple Shoot Induction ◽

Methane Sulphonate ◽

Regeneration Efficiency

The shoot-tip explant harvested from ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and gamma ray (GR) mutagenized seedling was cultured over MS medium fortified with NAA and BAP for five generations to amplify the mutated sector. Mutagens reduced the regeneration efficiency of the explant and affected its plant growth regulator-dependence for multiple shoot induction. While the 12d-old shoot-tip from GR-treated seedling induced shoots with 0.5µM NAA+6.6µM BAP; that from EMS-treated seedling induced shoots with 8.8µM BAP. The present study establishes that the mutagens affect the regeneration process in the explant.

Download Full-text

Herbicide Tolerance Of Transgenic `Stevens' Cranberry Plants Depends on the Test Environment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.517a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 517a-517

Author(s):

Eric L. Zeldin ◽

Rodney A. Serres ◽

Brent H. McCown

Keyword(s):

Growth Form ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Test Environment ◽

Growth Environment ◽

Commercial Formulation ◽

Tolerance Level ◽

Delayed Growth ◽

Significant Injury

`Stevens' cranberry was genetically engineered to confer tolerance to the broad spectrum herbicide glufosinate. Initially, herbicide tolerance was verified by spraying greenhouse plants with the commercial formulation Liberty. Although one transformant showed significant tolerance, the tolerance level was below that required to kill goldenrod, a common weed of cranberry beds. This transformant was propagated and the plants established outdoors in a coldframe, yielding a growth form more typical of field-grown plants than that of greenhouse-grown plants. These plants, as well as untransformed cranberry and goldenrod plants, were sprayed with various levels of the herbicide. The transformed plants were not killed at glufosinate concentrations up to 1000 ppm, although delayed growth did occur. Some runner tip injury was observed at 500 ppm as well as widespread shoot tip death at higher levels. The above-ground parts of goldenrod plants were killed at 400 ppm with significant injury at 200 ppm. Untransformed cranberry plants were killed at 300 ppm and had extensive tip death even at 100 ppm. Transformed cranberry plants with confirmed “field” tolerance were re-established in the greenhouse and new vegetative growth was forced. When these plants were sprayed with glufosinate, significant shoot tip injury was observed at levels as low as 100 ppm. The degree of herbicide tolerance of transformed cranberry appears to be modulated by the growth environment, which may affect the expression of the inserted genes or the physiological sensitivity of the impacted tissues.

Download Full-text

In vitro propagation of Securidaca longipedunculata (Fresen) from shoot tip: an endangered medicinal plant

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-019-0017-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teklebrihan Lijalem ◽

Tileye Feyissa

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Endangered Medicinal Plant

Download Full-text

Shoot tip cryopreservation of Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara using vitrification, droplet-vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification techniques

Cryobiology ◽

10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Dariusz Kulus

Keyword(s):

Shoot Tip ◽

Droplet Vitrification ◽

Lamprocapnos Spectabilis

Download Full-text

In vitro propagation and cytological analysis of Sophora mollis Royle: an endangered medicinal shrub

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00140-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aakriti Bhandari ◽

Harminder Singh ◽

Amber Srivastava ◽

Puneet Kumar ◽

G. S. Panwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Average Length ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Shoot Tip Explants

Abstract Background Sophora mollis Royle (family Fabaceae, subfamily-Papilionaceae) is a multipurpose legume distributed in plains and foothills of the North-West Himalaya to Nepal and is facing high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and exploitation by the local people for its fuel and fodder values. Therefore, the present study was conducted to standardize a micropropagation protocol for Sophora mollis by using shoot tip explants and to study the meiotic chromosome count in the species. Results Multiple shoots were induced in shoot tip explants of Sophora mollis in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins alone (BAP, TDZ, and Kinetin) and in combination with varying concentrations of NAA. MS medium supplemented with BAP (8.9 μM) was observed to be the optimal medium for multiple shoot induction and maximum 25.32 shoots per explant was obtained with average length of 4.5 ± 0.8 cm. In vitro developed shoots were transferred onto rooting media supplemented with different concentrations of auxin (IAA, IBA, and NAA). Maximum 86% rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 21.20 μM NAA with an average of 21.26 roots per culture. In vitro raised plantlets were adapted to greenhouse for better acclimatization and 60% plants were successfully transferred to the open environment. Based on the chromosome counts available from the literature and the current study, the species tend to show a basic chromosome number of x = 9. Conclusion The micropropagation protocol standardized can be helpful for the ex situ mass multiplication and germplasm conservation of the endangered species. Moreover, the ex situ conservation approach will be helpful in actively bridging the gap between ex situ and in situ approaches through the reintroduction of species in the wild. The cytological studies revealed the basic chromosome number x = 9 of the species.

Download Full-text

Adaptation of cucumber seedlings to low temperature stress by reducing nitrate to ammonium during it’s transportation

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02918-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yumei Liu ◽

Longqiang Bai ◽

Mintao Sun ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Shuzhen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Root Hair ◽

N Uptake ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Lateral Vein ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Flux Rate ◽

Cucumber Seedlings

Abstract Background Low temperature severely depresses the uptake, translocation from the root to the shoot, and metabolism of nitrate and ammonium in thermophilic plants such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plant growth is inhibited accordingly. However, the availability of information on the effects of low temperature on nitrogen transport remains limited. Results Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the net nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) fluxes in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of the primary root, stem, petiole, midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip of cucumber seedlings under normal temperature (NT; 26 °C) and low temperature (LT; 8 °C) treatment were analyzed. Under LT treatment, the net NO3− flux rate in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of cucumber seedlings decreased, whereas the net NH4+ flux rate in vascular bundles of the midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip increased. Accordingly, the relative expression of CsNRT1.4a in the petiole and midrib was down-regulated, whereas the expression of CsAMT1.2a–1.2c in the midrib was up-regulated. The results of 15N isotope tracing showed that NO3−-N and NH4+-N uptake of the seedlings under LT treatment decreased significantly compared with that under NT treatment, and the concentration and proportion of both NO3−-N and NH4+-N distributed in the shoot decreased. Under LT treatment, the actual nitrate reductase activity (NRAact) in the root did not change significantly, whereas NRAact in the stem and petiole increased by 113.2 and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusions The higher net NH4+ flux rate in leaves and young tissues may reflect the higher NRAact in the stem and petiole, which may result in a higher proportion of NO3− being reduced to NH4+ during the upward transportation of NO3−. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanism of changes in nitrate transportation in plants in response to low-temperature stress.

Download Full-text