scholarly journals In vitro propagation and cytological analysis of Sophora mollis Royle: an endangered medicinal shrub

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aakriti Bhandari ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Amber Srivastava ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
G. S. Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Abstract Background Sophora mollis Royle (family Fabaceae, subfamily-Papilionaceae) is a multipurpose legume distributed in plains and foothills of the North-West Himalaya to Nepal and is facing high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and exploitation by the local people for its fuel and fodder values. Therefore, the present study was conducted to standardize a micropropagation protocol for Sophora mollis by using shoot tip explants and to study the meiotic chromosome count in the species. Results Multiple shoots were induced in shoot tip explants of Sophora mollis in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins alone (BAP, TDZ, and Kinetin) and in combination with varying concentrations of NAA. MS medium supplemented with BAP (8.9 μM) was observed to be the optimal medium for multiple shoot induction and maximum 25.32 shoots per explant was obtained with average length of 4.5 ± 0.8 cm. In vitro developed shoots were transferred onto rooting media supplemented with different concentrations of auxin (IAA, IBA, and NAA). Maximum 86% rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 21.20 μM NAA with an average of 21.26 roots per culture. In vitro raised plantlets were adapted to greenhouse for better acclimatization and 60% plants were successfully transferred to the open environment. Based on the chromosome counts available from the literature and the current study, the species tend to show a basic chromosome number of x = 9. Conclusion The micropropagation protocol standardized can be helpful for the ex situ mass multiplication and germplasm conservation of the endangered species. Moreover, the ex situ conservation approach will be helpful in actively bridging the gap between ex situ and in situ approaches through the reintroduction of species in the wild. The cytological studies revealed the basic chromosome number x = 9 of the species.

scholarly journals IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ALGERIAN IVY (HEDERA CANARIENSIS L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123g-1124
Author(s):  
Karim H. Al-Juboory ◽  
David J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Strength Medium

Shoot tip explants of Algerian Ivy Heder a canariensis were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with a combination of salt strength and NAA and IBA. More roots per explant developed on full salt strength medium combined with NAA. The most roots per explant were obtained with a combination of IBA and 1/4 MS salt. There was an inverse relationship between an increase in IBA or NAA concentration and root length and number. Shoots proliferated better on full MS salt combined with NAA and IBA. The highest level of NAA (40 uM) and 0.1 uM TDZ produced the most shoots and roots, the longest roots, the highest rooting percentage, the largest plants with the most leaves and the best callus quality per explant. The leaves from in vitro were cultured on MS medium with varying levels of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and NAA in the presence of light produced the highest number of roots.

scholarly journals Efficient Micropropagation Protocol for the Conservation of the Endangered Aloe peglerae, an Ornamental and Medicinal Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Nontobeko A. Hlatshwayo ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo ◽  
Joshua O. Olowoyo ◽  
Karel Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Aromatic Cytokinin ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Over Exploitation

A number of Aloe species are facing an extremely high risk of extinction due to habitat loss and over-exploitation for medicinal and ornamental trade. The last global assessment of Aloe peglerae Schönland (in 2003) ranked its global conservation status as ‘endangered’ with a decreasing population trend. In the National Red List of South African Plants, the extremely rapid decline of this species has resulted in its conservation status being elevated from ‘endangered’ to ‘critically endangered’ based on recent or new field information. This dramatic decline necessitates the development of a simple, rapid and efficient micropropagation protocol as a conservation measure. An in vitro propagation protocol was therefore established with the regeneration of 12 shoots per shoot-tip explant within 8 weeks using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 µM meta-topolin riboside (an aromatic cytokinin). The rooting of the shoots with a 100% frequency on half-strength MS medium without any plant growth resulted in additional six shoots produced per cultured shoot. The resultant plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 100% survival frequency after 6 weeks. Overall, the developed protocol can result in the production of 3906 transplantable shoots that are ready for rooting per annum from a single shoot-tip explant. It is simple and efficient for seedling production in the ex situ cultivation and conservation of the endangered A. peglerae.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche: A traditionally important medicinal plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
◽  
Anuja Koul ◽  
Savita Sharma ◽  
Raju Shankarayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

An efficient micropropagation protocol facilitates successful conservation and improvement of Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche by biotechnological means. Shoot tip explants exhibited optimal organogenic response when inoculated on half-strength(1/2) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with kinetin (KN) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg/L each). Shoot organogenesis was further enhanced when the multiplication medium was fortified with dextrose (1%) (2.6 shoots/explant; 7.9 cm shoot length). The regenerated shoots formed roots; however, the best rooting frequency (87%) was achieved on half-strength MS medium containing only IAA (0.5 mg/L). Four-week-old in vitro plantlets were acclimatized with 95% survival under greenhouse conditions. The regeneration protocol developed in this study can be utilized for germplasm conservation of this elite traditional medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Thidiazuron and Benzylamino Purine Stimulation of Apple Shoot Proliferation in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 629e-629
Author(s):  
Karim H. Al-Juboory ◽  
Jabar H. Al-Niami
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Apple Shoot ◽  
Stimulation Of

Thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzylamino purine stimulated shoot proliferation on shoot tip explants of wild apple (Malus domestica Borkh) when incorporated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at concentrations of 1.0–10 μm. Shoot numbers obtained with TDZ were greater than the number produced when using BA in the medium but the shoots were shorter than with BA. Increasing TDZ levels increased shoot proliferation with 10 μm. Apple shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium with 2.0 mg·L–1 NAA and then transferred to a mixture of 1 peat: 1 perlite: 1 soil and acclimatized for potting.

scholarly journals In vitro Plant Regeneration from Shoot tip Explants of Exacum travancoricum Beedi

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Janarthanam ◽  
E. Sumathi Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Average Height ◽  
In Vitro Plant Regeneration ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Shoot tip explants of Exacum travancoricum, an endangered herb mainly known for ornamental purpose grown on MS with 4.44 μM BAP and 1.34 μM NAA showed better growth response and produced 29.3 ± 0.3 shoots per explant with an average length of 4.6 ± 0.1 cm after 35 days. Roots were induced after transfer to half strength of MS supplemented with 2.46 μM IBA produced 4.8 ± 0.62 roots with an average height of 3.6 ± 0.10 cm after 30 days. The rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 80 per cent of plantlets survived and resumed growth in the mixture of soil, vermiculite and farm yard manure (1 : 1 : 1). Key words: Exacum travancoricum; Shoot tip; Plant regeneration D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6889 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 113-118, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals Axillary Shoots Derived from Thin Cell Layer and Adenine Sulphate Application in in vitro Mass Propagation of Gerbera [Gerbera jamesonii (H. Bolus ex Bolus f.)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Budi WINARTO ◽  
Kurnia YUNIARTO ◽  
Dan M. WEGADARA
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Adenine Sulphate ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

A new route of in vitro mass propagation protocol of Gerbera jamesonii (H. Bolus ex Bolus f.) derived from application of thin cell layers (TCL) and adenine sulphate (AS) was successfully developed and established. Shoot tip explants and half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/l Swallow agar were used as explant source and basic medium. Different TCL of transversal TCL (tTCL) and longitudinal TCL (lTCL) in four slicing positions of 1, 2, 3 and 4; varieties and clones i.e. G. jamesonii ‘Black Jack’, ‘Carambole’, ‘Nuance’, ‘Violente’, 01.098 and 11.46 clone; AS concentrations viz. 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/l were tested in the study. Each step of in vitro culture established had unique and specific results. In the initiation stage, first slicing position of ‘Black Jack’ shoot tip tTCL was the most optimal combination treatment to produce 7.0 shoots per explant with 13.5 leaves. The first slicing position on shoot tip explants of 01.098 clone tTCL and 20 mg/l AS in half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BAP were the most optimal combination treatment in obtaining the highest number of shoots produced per shoot up to 9.4 shoots per shoot with 34.1 leaves and 2.37 cm length of leaves in the proliferation stage, however the treatment did not give significant effect compared to control. Under periodical subcultures on the basic medium, number of shoots and leaves increased gradually from the initial culture with 3-6 shoots per shoot and 9.4-11.6 leaves till the fourth subculture with 6-11 shoots per shoot and 16.7-28.8 leaves and declined thereafter. Subculturing of shoots in accordance to produce qualified shoots for planting materials could be carried out till sixth to seventh subculture. The highest shoot multiplication rate (SMR) was established on 01.098 clone with as high as 7.3. The well shoots were easily rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BAP, 0.05 mg/l NAA and 1.5 g/l AC. Plantlets were then transferred to ex vitro condition for acclimatization on a mixture of burned-rice husk and organic manure (1:1, v/v) with 85-100% survivability. The ‘Black Jack’ and 11.46 clone were the best genotypes on the acclimatization stage with 100% survivability of plantlets. Results of the study have implication that first slicing position of shoot tip tTCL can be applied in establishing of in vitro propagation protocol for other gerberas.

scholarly journals Utilization of Aseptic Seedling Explants for In vitro Propagation of Indian Red Wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar CHIRUVELLA ◽  
Arifullah MOHAMMED ◽  
Rama Gopal GHANTA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Differentiation

Micropropagation has been advocated as one of the most viable biotechnological tool for ex situ conservation of rare, endangered endemic medicinal plants germplasm. Rapid clonal micropropagation protocol for large-scale multiplication of an endemic medicinal plant Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) was established from 15-day aseptic seedling cotyledonary node and shoot tip explants. High frequency of sprouting and shoot differentiation was observed from cotyledonary node explants compared to shoot tip, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with BA, KN, 2-iP and CM. Of the cytokinins used, BA (3.0 mgl-1) supported highest average number and maximum multiple shoot differentiation (16.6). In vitro proliferated shoots were multiplied rapidly by culturing nodal segments as microcuttings, further subcultured on the same media for elongation. Elongated shoots upon transfer to MS medium fortified with IBA showed rooting within two weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and 75% of rooted shoots successfully survived on establishment to the soil. Plants looked healthy with no visually detectable phenotypic variations. This protocol provides a successful and rapid technique that can be used for ex situ conservation minimizing the pressure on wild populations and contributes to the conservation of this endemic medicinally potent flora.

scholarly journals Induction of Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Shoot Tip Explants of an Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Sutha KLAOCHEED ◽  
Wanna JEHSU ◽  
Wanwilai CHOOJUN ◽  
Kanchit THAMMASIRI ◽  
Somporn PRASERTSONGSKUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Direct Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Direct Shoot

Cryptocoryne wendtii is an important amphibious species with a wide range of foliage colors. Although it has a high market demand, the natural propagation of its aquatic species is limited due to the limited production on the number of plants with a long cultivation period, disease, and the requirement for a large space for propagation. Thus, we studied the effects of the plant growth regulators and their concentrations on the induction of direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants of Cryptocoryne wendtii. The shoot tips were sterilized on its surface using 8 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 15 min followed by rinsing them three times with sterile distilled water. They were again sterilized on the surface for another 4 % Clorox® (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) for 5 min. Cytokinins played a crucial role in direct shoot organogenesis. Direct shoot organogenesis from shoot tip explants was promoted by incubating these explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium [1] in the presence of two different cytokinins [6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) or Kinetin (Kin)], each provided at four different levels. Direct shoot organogenesis was induced in both explants. Shooting occurred 100 % from in vitro shoot tip explants, which was cultured on MS medium and supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP. This was significantly different from the other treatments with the highest number of 16.20 shoots per explant and number of leaves at 72.40 leaves per explant after 60 days of culture. Individual shoots, aseptically excised, which produced normal roots within 45 days on the MS medium supplemented with α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest number of roots per shoot and the longest roots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA (100 % rooting, which was an average of 36 roots per plantlet and root length at 26.02 mm). Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and established in pots containing a mixture of organic soil and sand (1:1) overlaid with tap water under greenhouse conditions at 90 % survival. This complete study has successfully outlined a rapid, high frequency direct shoot organogenesis induction of an ornamental aquatic plant, Cryptocoryne wendtii from shoot tip explants inclusive of shoot proliferation, rooting and acclimatization. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid, large-scale production and germplasm preservation of this important endangered species C. wendtii.

scholarly journals IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ALGERIAN IVY (HEDERA CANARIENSIS L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123G-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim H. Al-Juboory ◽  
David J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Strength Medium

Shoot tip explants of Algerian Ivy Heder a canariensis were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with a combination of salt strength and NAA and IBA. More roots per explant developed on full salt strength medium combined with NAA. The most roots per explant were obtained with a combination of IBA and 1/4 MS salt. There was an inverse relationship between an increase in IBA or NAA concentration and root length and number. Shoots proliferated better on full MS salt combined with NAA and IBA. The highest level of NAA (40 uM) and 0.1 uM TDZ produced the most shoots and roots, the longest roots, the highest rooting percentage, the largest plants with the most leaves and the best callus quality per explant. The leaves from in vitro were cultured on MS medium with varying levels of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and NAA in the presence of light produced the highest number of roots.

scholarly journals IN VITRO REGENERATION FROM CALLUS OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1155c-1155
Author(s):  
Azza Abdel-Aziz Tawfik ◽  
P. E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Regeneration from callus of rosemary has not been reported. Leaf segment, meristem-tip and shoot-tip explants of Rosmarinus officinalis were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with five concentrations of the cytokinin thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA). Callus was formed on the base and leaves of the shoottips after 6 weeks when cultured under cool white fluorescent light (26 u mol·S-1 m-2) on MS containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/l TDZ. Calti were transferred to fresh MS medium supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0 mg/l TDZ or 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 or 8.0 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) where shoot formation occurred. Essentiality of IAA was not clear from these experiments and further research is underway to refine regeneration protocol

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