An Efficient and Easy Micro-propagation of Reseda Lutea (Resedaceae) a Rare and Medicinally Valuable Plant of Saudi Arabia

The goal of this work was to look at the propagation of Reseda lutea L. by organogenesis in tissue culture. Explants from in vitro grown seedlings were taken from the axillary bud. After seven days of culture on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA, the adventitious buds developed. After three weeks of culturing on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BA, the maximum multiplication of shoots (16.12 shoots/explant) was discovered, with an average (7.37 cm) shoots/explant. These shoots were sub-cultured on MS media with varying concentrations of NAA and IBA for root initiation. The MS medium combined with IBA produced the greatest percentage of root development (92%) and the greatest number of roots (7.37 roots/plant). In MS media supplemented with 0.5 NAA, the longest roots (3.08 cm) were found. After 17 days in a glasshouse, the plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing Peat moss and pearlite, 98 percent of the plantlets were acclimatized. To get a plant in a pot, the complete procedure took about 75 days. The technique proposed could aid in the preservation of the plant both in vivo and in vitro.

Optimization of grapevine clonal micropropagation

Clonal micro-propagation ensures the production of genetically homogeneous, healthy virus-free planting material. This kind of propagation is influenced by genetic, physiological, hormonal, physical factors, and plant genotype. To increase the success of the process, it is necessary to optimize the methods of clonal micropropagation. The technology of clonal micropropagation of grapevine using a culture of apical meristems with a size of 0.1-0.2 mm was developed, the scheme of plant regeneration was improved, a new biotechnological techniques were developed for all stages of propagation. A method of processing of meristems with an ultrahigh frequency (microwave) electromagnetic field (EMF) in combination with a narrow-band laser was developed. Method for improving recovery from viral and bacterial infections using the growth regulator Emistim, Salicylic acid, the antibiotics Gentamicin and Cefotaxime was found. A method of water therapy was developed. The optimal parameters of intensity and duration of illumination were established. Ways of adaptation of healthy plants to non-sterile environmental conditions were optimised. Methods of testing of viral infection was improved. Techniques of planting healthy seedlings in film, greenhouses and open ground were developed. The creation of unique basic vine nursery in Ust-Donetsk region was the result of conducted studies.

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cultivation in the conditions of light culture in vitro and ex vitro

Relevance. Currently, food products that include prebiotics, in particular, inulin, are particularly popular. Interest in this substance is justified by its valuable properties – it is a good immunomodulator, cleanses the body of toxins, radionuclides, "bad" cholesterol, promotes the assimilation of useful trace elements necessary for human life. Inulin is contained in plants such as jerusalem artichoke, chicory, as well as in sweet potatoes, the popularity of which is increasing every year. However, sweet potato plants are afraid of cold and frost-resistant. Therefore, the creation of new varieties and hybrids that are resistant to low temperatures is an urgent problem. Cellular biotechnology is aimed at solving this problem using methods of clonal microreproduction, cell selection, somatic hybridization, etc. For rapid reproduction and obtaining high-quality planting material, biotechnology methods are used, in particular, clonal micro-propagation. However, in this technology there are difficulties associated with poor adaptation of microclones to ex vitro conditions. This fact introduces an additional requirement for the selection of optimal rooting modes in vitro and ex vitro adaptation of microclones.Material and methodology. The aim of the work was to study the influence of cultivation conditions on in vitro rooting and ex vitro adaptation of I. batatas (L.) microclones. The object of the study was sweet potato microgears propagated in vitro. I. batatas micro-gears were cultured in vitro on a Murashige-Skug medium, differing by the type of auxins. The influence of red (R) and far red (FR) light on the shoots rooting in vitro and the adaptation of microclones ex vitro was studied.Results. It has been experimentally established that the cultivation of micro-gears on a medium containing indolyl butyric acid at a concentration of 0.5-1 mg/l and under conditions of illumination by LED lamps of red and far red light in equal amounts leads to the production of microclones with a well-developed root system and vegetative biomass. The use of an aeroponic installation at the last stage of clonal micro-propagation makes it possible to obtain high-quality planting material that can adapt well to open ground conditions.

Establishment of a Standard Micropropagation Protocol for the Production of Uniform Planting Material in Musa Laterita (Section: Rhodochlamys).

Musa laterita is one of the dwarf statured, ornamental Musa species, which belongs to the section Rhodochlamys. It is immune to Sigatoka leaf spot and Fusarium wilt diseases and also exhibits tolerance to moisture deficit stress. Among the fungal diseases, fusarium wilt especially race TR4 is highly threatening the banana industry worldwide and hence the TR4 resistant gene should be identified on priority for use in banana improvement programmes. Though, it is a wild seeded type which can be easily propagated through seeds, the off springs are not genetically uniform making it unfit for any molecular analysis. In vitro micro propagation of ornamental banana including Musa laterita is limited due to poor multiplication rates compared to commercial cultivars. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to establish an in vitro protocol for plant regeneration from shoot tip explants. Efforts were made to enhance the multiplication efficiency using MS media fortified with BAP, TDZ, NAA, IAA and IBA in different combinations so as to obtain maximum numbers of plantlets in minimum duration. The plantlets produced would be used to study the molecular mechanism behind Fusarium wilt resistance (TR4), through transcriptome analysis.

​Effect of Different Media on In vitro Rooting in Different Cultivar of Lilium longiflorum Cv. Elite, Brunello, Cordelia

Background: Lilium (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) belongs to the family Liliaceae and is a native of Northern Hemisphere (up to South Canada and Siberia). Conventionally Lilium can easily be propagated by sexual and asexual methods of propagation but these prevalent methods are not capable of meeting the increasing demand in domestic and global market. Generally, Lilium is propagated through bulbs but, limited number of bulbs per plant, long dormancy period of bulbs which again results into non-availability of planting material throughout the year. Keeping in view the above facts, the present study was undertaken with the following objective: “To standardize the cost effective protocol for micro propagation of lilium to produce disease free and true to type plants at a faster rate”. Methods: The present investigation was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Centre for Research and Application in Plant Tissue Culture. The experiment was laid out in a C.R.D. (Factorial) with three replications. In vitro raised bulblets were separated out and were transferred on to the root regeneration media. Different levels of NAA were used in MS media for the rooting of in vitro raised bulblets and percent rooting of plantlet is recorded. Result: It was interesting to note that the media LR-3 (MS + NAA 1.0 mg/l) is most efficient for rooting in all type of cultivars. All the three cultivars used responded very poor on media LR-1 (MS basal).

In Vitro Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) via Direct Organogenesis

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a crop of increasing importance as a source of seed oil and proteins; nonetheless, the number of studies on sunflower tissue culture is somewhat limited. The development of a competent in vitro direct organogenesis protocol involves important basic steps of regeneration. In our study, chemically sterilized sunflower seeds were planted on induction media, and 52.54 % germination efficiency was found. While the seeds were subjected to regeneration containing 2 mg/L of cytokinin, Benzyl Adenopurine (BAP) as well as 1 mg/L of auxin, Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA); shoot growth was observed with41 % regeneration efficiency. Non-sterilized seeds germinated but showed fungal growth on the surface of media resulting in no regeneration of sunflower plantlet. On the other hand, sterile seeds germinated less with little or no fungal growth leading to successful regeneration. Frequent regeneration of sterile sunflower seeds through direct organogenesis can contribute to enhanced micro-propagation of this plant.