scholarly journals A Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering Framework for E-government Information Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Nyansiro ◽  
Joel Mtebe ◽  
Mussa Kissaka
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Requirement Engineering ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Government Information

E-government information systems projects in developing countries face several challenges that lead to their partial or total failure. Several causes of e-government information systems project failure have been identified, including inadequate requirement engineering. The overall failure rate of e-government information systems projects due to requirements engineering inadequacies is still high. Inadequate requirement engineering leads to systems with missing features, low quality, project costs, and time overrun. This research aims to design a framework to guide practitioners in e-government information systems requirements engineering processes. The design science research approach and qualitative data collection and analysis methods were applied through three iterative cycles of rigor, design, and relevancy.  The proposed framework is based on goals and viewpoints requirements engineering. It consists of three models: the e-government viewpoints model, the e-government goals model, and the e-government requirements engineering process model. The framework was validated through two rounds of Delphi focus group discussion techniques and a single technical action research case study. The results showed a strong consensus among practitioners about the proposed framework's ease of use and utility with a mean agreement of 4.429/5. The technical action research involved five practitioners who applied the proposed framework to discover the requirements of the road emergency response module of road safety information systems of Tanzania. A total of 104 requirements were discovered compared to nine requirements elicited before without using the proposed framework. The overall objective of the proposed framework is to facilitate the discovery and specification of adequate and relevant requirements for e-government information systems projects and ultimately reduce the rate of e-government projects failure and contribute to the realisation of e-government benefits.

Using a Design Science Research Approach to Develop a HCI Artifact for Designing Web Interfaces

2016 ◽  
pp. 304-320
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazrul Islam ◽  
Franck Tétard
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Ui Design ◽  
Intuitive Interface

Interface signs are the communication cues of web interfaces, through which users interact. Examples of interface signs are small images, navigational links, buttons and thumbnails. Although intuitive interface signs are crucial elements of a good user interface (UI), prior research ignored these in UI design and usability evaluation process. This chapter outlines how a design science research (DSR) approach is used to develop a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) artifact (semiotic framework) for design and evaluation of user-intuitive web interface signs. This chapter describes how the principles and guidelines of DSR approach are adopted, while performing the activities of the DSR process model to construct the artifact.

scholarly journals A Framework for Enhanced Tropos Goal-Driven Risk Assessment in Requirements Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.23) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
ShankarNayak Bhkukya ◽  
Dr Suresh Pabboju
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Requirement Engineering ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Goal Modelling ◽  
Assessment Approach

Every process model used by software industry has different phases including requirement engineering. This is the crucial phase as it is preceded by other phases and provides valuable inputs to the design phase. Risk assessment made in this phase can help avoid wastage of time, effort, cost and budget overruns and even missed delivery deadlines. Traditionally risks are analyzed in terms of technical aspects like failures in the working system, unavailability of certain services, and fault intolerances to mention few. The identified risks are used to have countermeasures. However, it causes the life cycle of the system to be repeated right from the requirements engineering. On the contrary, risk analysis in the requirements engineering phase can prove fact that a stitch in time saves nine. Therefore early detection of risks in the system can help improve efficiency of software development process. Goal-oriented risk assessment has thus gained popularity as it is done in the requirements analysis phase. Stakeholder interests are considered to analyze risks and provide countermeasures to leverage quality of the system being developed. In this paper, a formal framework pertaining to Tropos goal modelling is enhanced with quantitative reasoning technique coupled with qualitative ones. Towards this end we used a conceptual framework with three layer such as asset layer, event layer and treatment layer. We used a case study project named Loan Origination Process (LOP) to evaluate the proposed framework. Our framework supports probability of satisfaction (SAT) and denial (DEN) values in addition to supporting qualitative values. The Goal-Reasoning tool is extended to have the proposed quantitative solution for risk analysis in requirements engineering. The tool performs risk analysis and produces different alternative solutions with weights that enable software engineers or domain experts to choose best solution in terms of cost and risk. The results revealed the performance improvement and utility when compared with an existing goal-driven risk assessment approach.  

Action Research and its Use in E-Collaboration Inquiry

2011 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaboration Technologies

This chapter begins with a discussion of action research from a historical perspective. It then puts forth some ideas on how this research approach can be used in investigations of the design or e-collaboration technologies and the impact of those technologies on people. This is followed by a discussion of key epistemological considerations, including that of whether action research can be conducted in a positivist manner. The chapter then summarizes two special issues of journals, on information systems action research, which provide scholarly illustrations of some of the arguments presented here. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how action research can be used by doctoral students investigating e-collaboration issues.

Using a Design Science Research Approach in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interaction

Design science is a problem-solving approach that focuses on how to develop and produce artifacts having desired properties. A Design Science Research (DSR) approach was followed to develop a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) artifact (semiotic framework [Semiotic Interface sign Design and Evaluation – the SIDE framework]) to help practitioners to design and evaluate the web interfaces. The objective of this paper is to present how a DSR approach was adopted in a HCI project and to highlight what lessons were learned by adopting the DSR approach in developing a HCI artifact. This paper outlines how the principles and guidelines of DSR approach were adopted, while performing the activities of the DSR process model to construct the artifact. Lessons learned from this case study and their implications in HCI research are also discussed; that includes, for example, DSR provides higher level of procedural transparency, maintains the research rigor, create a bridge between the HCI and IS, provides established research knowledge base, support to claim both as an approach and a paradigm, and facilitates to employ both inductive and deductive design activities.

Chakuri-Bazaar: A Mobile Application for Illiterate and Semi-Literate People for Searching Employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md. Arman Ahmed ◽  
A.K.M. Najmul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
Willingness To Recommend ◽  
Willingness To Use

The purpose of this paper is to explore the design principles to develop mobile applications for illiterate and semi-literate people and to design, develop, and evaluate a mobile application for illiterate and semi-literate people in Bangladesh using the revealed design principles and following a design science research approach. The authors first conducted a requirement elicitation study to reveal a set of design principals to make the user interface (UI) intuitive for illiterate and semi-literate people. Then, a mobile application (Chakuri-Bazaar) was developed following these design principals. Finally, the application was evaluated with 40 illiterate and semi-literate people through a field study. As outcome, a set of design principles was revealed for designing usable mobile application for illiterate and semi-literate people. The findings of the evaluation study suggest that the application was effective, efficient, and the users were satisfied in terms of its ease of use, ease of learning, willingness to use it in future, and willingness to recommend it to others.

scholarly journals The process of transprofessional collaboration: how caregivers integrated the perspectives of rehabilitation through working with a physical therapist

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e000378
Author(s):  
Ryohei Goto ◽  
Junji Haruta
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Informal Interview ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Field Notes

ObjectivesTo clarify the process of how caregivers in a nursing home integrate the perspectives of rehabilitation into their responsibilities through working with a physical therapist.DesignThis study was conducted under an action research approach.SettingThe target facility was a nursing home located in Japan. The researcher, a physical therapist, worked at the nursing home once a week from April 2016 to March 2017. During the study period, he created field notes focused on the dialogue and action of caregivers regarding care, responses of caregivers to the physical therapist and reflections as a physical therapist. Caregivers were also given a short informal interview about their relationship with the nursing home residents. For data analysis, two researchers discussed the content based on the field notes, consolidating the findings.ParticipantsThe participants were caregivers who worked at the target facility. Thirty-eight caregivers agreed to participate. Average age was 39.6±11.1 years, 14 (37%) were male and average caregiver experience was 9.8 years.ResultsTwo cycles of action research were conducted during the study period. There were four stages in the process of how caregivers in the nursing home integrated the perspectives of rehabilitation through their work with the physical therapist. First, caregivers resisted having the rehabilitation programme carried out in the unit because they perceived that rehabilitation performed by a physical therapist was a special process and not under their responsibility. However, the caregivers were given a shared perspective on rehabilitation by the physical therapist, which helped them to understand the meaning of care to adapt the residents’ abilities to their daily life. They practised resident-centred care on a trial basis, although with a sense of conflict between their new and previous role, which emphasised the safety of residents’ lives and personhood. The caregivers increased their self-efficacy as their knowledge and skills were supplemented by the physical therapist and his approval of their attempted care. They were then able to commit to their newly conceived specialty of care as a means of supporting the lives of residents.ConclusionsThe process of working with a physical therapist led to a change in caregivers’ perception and behaviours, which occurred in four stages: resistance to incorporation, recapture of other perspectives, conflicts and trials in the role of caregiver and transformation to a resident-centred perspective.

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