scholarly journals Coherence of the irrelevant-sound effect: Individual profiles of short-term memory and susceptibility to task-irrelevant materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Elliott ◽  
Nelson Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Individual Profiles

The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Klatte ◽  
Thomas Lachmann ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Jürgen Hellbrück
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

scholarly journals Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Schwarz ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Annette Otto ◽  
Malte Persike ◽  
Maria Klatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, our results show that the changing-state effect remains stable for children and adults. This suggests that the differences in the magnitude of the ISE as reported by Elliott (2002) and Klatte et al. (2010) are most likely related to the increase in attentional control during childhood.

scholarly journals A task-irrelevant stimulus attribute affects perception and short-term memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Michael J. Kahana ◽  
Robert Sekuler
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Stimulus Attribute ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals Division of labour is biased towards equality amongst collaborators in a dyadic short-term memory task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Holly Knapton ◽  
Masud Husain ◽  
kenneth holmqvist ◽  
Diederick C. Niehorster
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Collaborative Game ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Human workers often divide labour on the basis of individual qualities. However, contemporary work on decision-making suggests collaborators value opinions equally, even when they are unequally skilled. We investigated whether this equality bias extends to division of labour in a collaborative game that leverages inter-individual short-term memory capacity differences. Pairs were shown eight memorisable items to divide among themselves, only communicating through their computer screens that displayed who claimed which items. After this, participants recalled randomly selected claimed items. To incentive collaboration, pairs were rewarded for their combined recall accuracy. Although we hypothesised they would maximise reward by dividing items according to each individuals’ capacities, pairs divided the number of items to-be-remembered equally. Furthermore, individuals’ collaboration ratings were unaffected by capacity or performance, but instead negatively correlated with task-irrelevant variability in claimed item locations. Finally, differences in claimed item numbers correlated with inter-individual differences in conscientiousness and social apathy. Our findings suggest humans have an equality bias when dividing labour between collaborators, even if they are of unequal skill.

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