scholarly journals Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Schwarz ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Annette Otto ◽  
Malte Persike ◽  
Maria Klatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, our results show that the changing-state effect remains stable for children and adults. This suggests that the differences in the magnitude of the ISE as reported by Elliott (2002) and Klatte et al. (2010) are most likely related to the increase in attentional control during childhood.

The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Klatte ◽  
Thomas Lachmann ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Jürgen Hellbrück
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

The Effect of Cognitive Control on Different Types of Auditory Distraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Bell ◽  
Jan P. Röer ◽  
John E. Marsh ◽  
Dunja Storch ◽  
Axel Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Deviation Effect

Abstract. Deviant as well as changing auditory distractors interfere with short-term memory. According to the duplex model of auditory distraction, the deviation effect is caused by a shift of attention while the changing-state effect is due to obligatory order processing. This theory predicts that foreknowledge should reduce the deviation effect, but should have no effect on the changing-state effect. We compared the effect of foreknowledge on the two phenomena directly within the same experiment. In a pilot study, specific foreknowledge was impotent in reducing either the changing-state effect or the deviation effect, but it reduced disruption by sentential speech, suggesting that the effects of foreknowledge on auditory distraction may increase with the complexity of the stimulus material. Given the unexpected nature of this finding, we tested whether the same finding would be obtained in (a) a direct preregistered replication in Germany and (b) an additional replication with translated stimulus materials in Sweden.

scholarly journals Crossmodal Semantic Congruence Interacts with Object Contextual Consistency in Complex Visual Scenes to Enhance Short-Term Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Erika Almadori ◽  
Serena Mastroberardino ◽  
Fabiano Botta ◽  
Riccardo Brunetti ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Semantic Congruence

Object sounds can enhance the attentional selection and perceptual processing of semantically-related visual stimuli. However, it is currently unknown whether crossmodal semantic congruence also affects the post-perceptual stages of information processing, such as short-term memory (STM), and whether this effect is modulated by the object consistency with the background visual scene. In two experiments, participants viewed everyday visual scenes for 500 ms while listening to an object sound, which could either be semantically related to the object that served as the STM target at retrieval or not. This defined crossmodal semantically cued vs. uncued targets. The target was either in- or out-of-context with respect to the background visual scene. After a maintenance period of 2000 ms, the target was presented in isolation against a neutral background, in either the same or different spatial position as in the original scene. The participants judged the same vs. different position of the object and then provided a confidence judgment concerning the certainty of their response. The results revealed greater accuracy when judging the spatial position of targets paired with a semantically congruent object sound at encoding. This crossmodal facilitatory effect was modulated by whether the target object was in- or out-of-context with respect to the background scene, with out-of-context targets reducing the facilitatory effect of object sounds. Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of the object sound at encoding facilitated the selection and processing of the semantically related visual stimuli, but this effect depends on the semantic configuration of the visual scene.

scholarly journals Visual short-term memory for 3D shapes reveals similar properties to simple 2D features

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Robitaille ◽  
Stephen Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
3D Shapes

In the past two decades, significant advances have been made to understand the psychophysical properties of visual short-term memory (VSTM). Most studies, however, make inferences based on memory for simple surface features of 2D shapes. Here, we examined the role of object complexity and dimensionality on the psychophysical properties of VSTM by comparing orientation memory for 2D lines and complex 3D objects in a delayed-response continuous report task, where memory load (Experiment 1) or axis of rotation (Experiment 2) was manipulated. In both experiments, our results demonstrate an overall cost of complexity that affected participants raw errors as well as their guess rate and response precision derived from mixture modelling. We also demonstrate that participants’ memory performance is correlated between stimulus types and that memory performance for both 2D and 3D shapes is better fit to the variable precision model of VSTM than to tested competing models. Interestingly, the ability to report complex objects is not consistent across axes of rotation. These results indicate that, despite the fact that VSTM shares similar properties for 2D and 3D shapes, VSTM is far from being a unitary process and is affected by stimulus properties such as complexity and dimensionality.

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