scholarly journals Attention decrement, temporal variation, and the primacy effect in impression formation

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde Hendrick ◽  
Arthur F. Costantini ◽  
James McGarry ◽  
Keith McBride
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Primacy Effect

scholarly journals The Primacy Effect in Impression Formation: Some Replications and Extensions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Positive Adjective ◽  
Primacy Effects

Individuals described as “fun, witty, and vicious” are typically rated more favorably than those described as “vicious, witty, and fun” despite the semantic equivalence of these statements. This is known as the primacy effect in impression formation. We tested whether these effects emerge from pragmatic inferences about communicative intentions (e.g., that communicators should relay the most important information first). Participants heard a list of descriptors, with the most positive adjective listed either first or last; they also learned either that (a) the list was compiled by a human (licensing the inference that the most important information should be conveyed first) or (b) randomly ordered by a computer (thus blocking such an inference). Across five experiments (total N = 2,882), we found support for a small primacy effect in impression formation, but found no evidence of a pragmatic explanation for primacy effects.

How are “First Impressions” Formed?

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-836
Author(s):  
Kate Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Verbal Activity ◽  
Selection Of

The primacy effect in personality impression formation is observed only when Ss write a description of the person before giving opinions (rating and selection of appropriate characteristics). This suggests the importance of certain types of verbal activity in the formation of opinions.

scholarly journals The Primacy Effect in Impression Formation: Some Replications and Extensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Positive Adjective ◽  
Primacy Effects

Individuals described as “fun, witty, and vicious” are typically rated more favorably than those described as “vicious, witty, and fun” despite the semantic equivalence of these statements. This is known as the primacy effect in impression formation. We tested whether these effects emerge from pragmatic inferences about communicative intentions (e.g., that communicators should relay the most important information first). Participants heard a list of descriptors, with the most positive adjective listed either first or last; they also learned either that (a) the list was compiled by a human (licensing the inference that the most important information should be conveyed first) or (b) randomly ordered by a computer (thus blocking such an inference). Across five experiments (total N = 2,882), we found support for a small primacy effect in impression formation, but found no evidence of a pragmatic explanation for primacy effects.

How Socially Relevant Visual Characteristics of Avatars Influence Impression Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weibel ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Frontal View ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Blink Frequency

Like in the real world, the first impression a person leaves in a computer-mediated environment depends on his or her online appearance. The present study manipulates an avatar’s pupil size, eyeblink frequency, and the viewing angle to investigate whether nonverbal visual characteristics are responsible for the impression made. We assessed how participants (N = 56) evaluate these avatars in terms of different attributes. The findings show that avatars with large pupils and slow eye blink frequency are perceived as more sociable and more attractive. Compared to avatars seen in full frontal view or from above, avatars seen from below were rated as most sociable, self-confident, and attractive. Moreover, avatars’ pupil size and eyeblink frequency escape the viewer’s conscious perception but still influence how people evaluate them. The findings have wide-ranging applied implications for avatar design.

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

Positive Associations Primacy in the IAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Anselmi ◽  
Michelangelo Vianello ◽  
Egidio Robusto
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Rasch Measurement ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Implicit Prejudice

Two studies investigated the different contribution of positive and negative associations to the size of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect. A Many-Facet Rasch Measurement analysis was applied for the purpose. Across different IATs (Race and Weight) and different groups of respondents (White, Normal weight, and Obese people) we observed that positive words increase the IAT effect whereas negative words tend to decrease it. Results suggest that the IAT is influenced by a positive associations primacy effect. As a consequence, we argue that researchers should be careful when interpreting IAT effects as a measure of implicit prejudice.

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