How Reliable is the Thermal Conductivity of Biobased Building Insulating Materials Measured with Hot Disk Device?

Thermal conductivity is of high importance for insulating materials since it strongly influences the thermal performance of the building. Generally, it is recommended to measure this property with steady-state methods like guarded hot plate (GHP) or heat flow meter (HFM). These methods are reliable, but steady-state condition can take a long time to be reached. Therefore, transient methods were developed to speed-up the measurements. For instance, the hot disk transient plane source method is a widely used standard technique (ISO 22007-2) for measuring thermal conductivity of various materials. In the last 20 years, this technique has been applied also to bio-based insulating materials. However, overestimated thermal conductivity (compared to steady state method) are frequently measured. More generally, such differences are also observed for low thermal conductivity materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of numerous factors to explain the origin of these differences. The factors include the experimental setting parameters, the measurement analysis parameter or even the discrepancies between the theoretical model and the real experimental set-up. The analysis is performed for a light-earth biobased concrete made of raw earth and hemp shiv. Recommendations are proposed in conclusion.

Use of Strategic Management Accounting in the determination of costs in SMEs in the furniture sector

Determining cost in industry of all sizes represents a starting point for determining your desired returns. For this reason, the precise calculation matters greatly to the administration of any economic entity. We are currently facing the so-called knowledge era and where changes are looming permanent, so the colloquially called traditional accounting systems must be reinforced with innovative techniques. The objective of this research work is to propose to Small and Medium-sized companies (PYMES) dedicated to the manufacture of furniture an innovative tool with which the cost is determined starting from a hybrid counting system, a traditional system strengthened with a technique of Strategic management. The Cost Management System proposed by this research is based on the conclusion found in the theoretical framework that a system is not something isolated, but is formed as a gear of techniques, procedures and techniques; according to the needs of the companies under study. To carry out the present research work, a diagnostic analysis of the furniture SMEs was carried out, where information was obtained regarding the characteristics for the determination, measurement, analysis and cost management of these companies. According to the result of said analysis, the system proposal is presented, which is in the validation process for its dissemination and, where appropriate, commercialization, prior to its registration. If the SMEs dedicated to the manufacture of furniture have a system according to their characteristics, it will be possible to determine with certainty indicators that are essential for making strategic decisions that infer in the improvement of the administration of the SMEs under study.

Invasive Right Ventricular Pressure-Volume Analysis: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Practical Recommendations

Right ventricular pressure-volume (PV) analysis characterizes ventricular systolic and diastolic properties independent of loading conditions like volume status and afterload. While long-considered the gold-standard method for quantifying myocardial chamber performance, it was traditionally only performed in highly specialized research settings. With recent advances in catheter technology and more sophisticated approaches to analyze PV data, it is now more commonly used in a variety of clinical and research settings. Herein, we review the basic techniques for PV loop measurement, analysis, and interpretation with the aim of providing readers with a deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of PV analysis. In the second half of the review, we detail key scenarios in which right ventricular PV analysis has influenced our understanding of clinically relevant topics and where the technique can be applied to resolve additional areas of uncertainty. All told, PV analysis has an important role in advancing our understanding of right ventricular physiology and its contribution to cardiovascular function in health and disease.

Development Zones and Their Surrounding Host Cities in China: Isolation and Mutually Beneficial Interactions

The construction of development zones is an important strategic measure for China to attract foreign investment and open up more extensively to the outside world; for this reason, such zones are also of great significance to China’s regional development. Although the economic effects of development zones have received extensive attention from scholars, the interaction between the development zone and the host city that surrounds it has, to date, remained unexamined. To fill this gap, this research constructed a panel measurement analysis framework and selected 46 of China’s national development zones established from 2004 to 2018 as study samples and used Granger causality test method to reveal the causal relationship between the total factor productivity of the development zones and their surrounding host cities. The consequences exhibited a long-term causality between the total factor productivity of the development zones and that of the host cities in all the panels. Short-term causality, however, was only identified in the eastern and western area panels. The development zone is shown to significantly promote the development of its host city, albeit with a certain lag effect; conversely, the support function provided by the host city to the development zone was found to remain weak. Our research results provide a new perspective on realizing a mutually beneficial interaction between development zones and their host cities.

Rancang Bangun Alat Penyimpanan ASI Dilengkapi Indikator Kadaluarsa Berbasis Arduino Uno

Breast milk storage is a tool used to store breast milk by cooling it using a certain temperature. Its function is to maintain the durability of breast milk so that the content in breast milk remains stable. Breast milk heater is a device that is used to warm breast milk by heating it to the temperature of the human body in general. Its function is to warm breast milk when it is cooled. Breast milk storage has a storage time of 24 hours with a temperature of 15°C, while the heating process uses a temperature of 37°C according to the temperature of the human body in general. In this research, the module uses the LM35 sensor as a hot room temperature sensor and a cold room temperature sensor. The temperature measurement detected by the LM35 is measured using a thermometer. The temperature data was taken 6 times. Based on the results of the analysis of measurements on breast milk storage at a temperature of 15°C, it has a standard deviation of 0.148, an error of 1.33% and an uncertainty of 0.013. And the results of the measurement analysis on heating breast milk with a temperature of 37°C have a standard deviation of 0.034, an error of -0.27% and an uncertainty of 0.06.

Optimal Configuration and Measurement Analysis of a Solar Heating System Serving an Ordos Residential District

In order to solve the contradiction between heating supply and demand in solar energy system in a residential area of Ordos, a solar heating system has been designed, tested, and analyzed for over a month. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the primary energy consumption, the carbon dioxide emissions, the initial investment, and the operation costs of the floor radiant and forced convection radiator configuration on the overall performance of the system, and analyzes its potential economic benefits. A parametric analysis has been performed in order to investigate the performance of a solar heating system integrated with dynamic automatic control system upon varying the different terminal device. Results from the present study indicate that the thermal comfort of the proposed system with forced convection radiator configuration is better than the conventional system, And the above four indices reductions from energy efficiency improvements and solar energy supply exceed over 50%.

Integrative measurement analysis via machine learning descriptor selection for investigating physical properties of biopolymers in hairs

Integrative measurement analysis of complex subjects, such as polymers is a major challenge to obtain comprehensive understanding of the properties. In this study, we describe analytical strategies to extract and selectively associate compositional information measured by multiple analytical techniques, aiming to reveal their relationships with physical properties of biopolymers derived from hair. Hair samples were analyzed by multiple techniques, including solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), time-domain NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The measured data were processed by different processing techniques, such as spectral differentiation and deconvolution, and then converted into a variety of “measurement descriptors” with different compositional information. The descriptors were associated with the mechanical properties of hair by constructing prediction models using machine learning algorithms. Herein, the stepwise model refinement via selection of adopted descriptors based on importance evaluation identified the most contributive descriptors, which provided an integrative interpretation about the compositional factors, such as α-helix keratins in cortex; and bounded water and thermal resistant components in cuticle. These results demonstrated the efficacy of the present strategy to generate and select descriptors from manifold measured data for investigating the nature of sophisticated subjects, such as hair.

Influence of near-fault characteristics on inelastic response of multi-storey building with intensity measurement analysis

This study is presented to achieve three objectives: (1) to compare between the inelastic responses of buildings under near and far fault excitations, (2) to investigate the effect of the pulse to structural period ratio, and (3) to evaluate a set of intensity measurements (IMs) in terms of near fault (NF) earthquakes. A real reinforced concrete building with 35 storeys is analysed in the scope of the first and second objectives, whereas the third objective involves three general-frame buildings consisting of 6, 13, and 20 storeys. Results show that the NF excitation can drive the building to exceed its life safety performance level. Furthermore, the accuracy of the IM highly depends on the vibration period of the building and the function used to calculate the IM.