scholarly journals Reaction time and error rates in the effect of stimulus probability on character classification: Addendum

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Derek Besner ◽  
Max Coltheart
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Character Classification

Effect of stimulus probability on anti-saccade error rates

2004 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Koval ◽  
Kristen A. Ford ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates ◽  
Stimulus Probability

Evaluating Options for CRT Display of Process Trend Data

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Koch ◽  
Thomas R. Edman ◽  
R. Kim Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Nuclear Control ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Main Effects

Effectiveness of colorgraphics CRT-based process trend display formats was evaluated by manipulating time scale orientation and time directionality. Performance was assessed in terms of reaction time and accuracy in responding to questions representative of process control task scenarios. Reaction time analyses reveal no main effects of time orientation or directionality, but a reliable orientation-directionality interaction effect is present. This interaction supports the conclusion that more rapid interpretation of trend is associated with x-axis time orientation progressing away from the origin and with y-axis time orientation progressing toward the origin. Error rates were nearly equivalent among the format types and supported no further discrimination among them. The findings have implications for the design of trend displays in applications such as nuclear control room, petrochemical processing, and load management.

scholarly journals The effect of memory load on reaction time in character classification

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake L. Wattenbarger ◽  
Robert G. Pachellat
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Character Classification

scholarly journals Modality differences in ERP components between somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms in prepubescent children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259653
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nakata ◽  
Miho Takezawa ◽  
Keita Kamijo ◽  
Manabu Shibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Related Potentials

We investigated modality differences in the N2 and P3 components of event-related potentials (ERPs) between somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms in eighteen healthy prepubescent children (mean age: 125.9±4.2 months). We also evaluated the relationship between behavioral responses (reaction time, reaction time variability, and omission and commission error rates) and amplitudes and latencies of N2 and P3 during somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms. The peak latency of No-go-N2 was significantly shorter than that of Go-N2 during somatosensory paradigms, but not during auditory paradigms. The peak amplitude of P3 was significantly larger during somatosensory than auditory paradigms, and the peak latency of P3 was significantly shorter during somatosensory than auditory paradigms. Correlations between behavioral responses and the P3 component were not found during somatosensory paradigms. On the other hand, in auditory paradigms, correlations were detected between the reaction time and peak amplitude of No-go-P3, and between the reaction time variability and peak latency of No-go-P3. A correlation was noted between commission error and the peak latency of No-go-N2 during somatosensory paradigms. Compared with previous adult studies using both somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms, the relationships between behavioral responses and ERP components would be weak in prepubescent children. Our data provide findings to advance understanding of the neural development of motor execution and inhibition processing, that is dependent on or independent of the stimulus modality.

scholarly journals Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Barclay ◽  
Susan Rowley ◽  
Anna Robson ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Andriy Myachykov
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Homeostat ◽  
Normal Sleep

Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is understudied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by (a) individual differences in sleep duration, (b) sleep duration variability, and/or (c) their interaction. A total of 57 healthy participants (61.4% female, Mage = 32.37 years, SD = 8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for 1 week, and subsequently completed the attention network test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score, or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = –.34, t = –2.13, p = .04) and alerting scores (β = .43, t = 2.94, p = .01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β = .35, t = 2.96, p = .01), chronotype of orienting (β = .31, t = 2.28, p = .03), and age of overall reaction time (β = .35, t = 2.70, p = .01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep–wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition.

Evaluation of Algorithms for Combining Independent Data Sets in a Human Performance Expert System

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-814
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Gawron ◽  
David J. Travale ◽  
Colin Drury ◽  
Sara Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Independent Variables

A major problem facing system designers today is predicting human performance in: 1) systems that have not yet been built, 2) situations that have not yet been experienced, and 3) situations for which there are only anecdotal reports. To address this problem, the Human Performance Expert System (Human) was designed. The system contains a large data base of equations derived from human performance research reported in the open literature. Human accesses these data to predict task performance times, task completion probabilities, and error rates. A problem was encountered when multiple independent data sets were relevant to one task. For example, a designer is interested in the effects of luminance and front size on number of reading errors. Two data sets exist in the literature: one examining the effects of luminance, the other, font size. The data in the two sets were collected at different locations with different subjects and at different times in history. How can the two data sets be combined to address the designer's problem? Four combining algorithms were developed and then tested in two steps. In step one, two reaction-time experiments were conducted: one to evaluate the effect the number of alternatives on reaction time; the second, signals per minute and number of displays being monitored. The four algorithms were used on the data from these two experiments to predict reaction time in the situation where all three independent variables are manipulated simultaneously. In step two of the test procedure, a third experiment was conducted. Subjects who had not participated in either Experiment One or Two performed a reaction-time task under the combined effects of all three independent variables. The predictions made from step one were compared to the actual empirical data collected in step two. The results of these comparisons are presented.

Effects of Marijuana on Human Reaction Time and Motor Control

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarald O. Kvålseth
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Human Reaction ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Human Reaction Time ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

In this research were analyzed the effects of marijuana on human reaction time and on performance for motor responses involving both linear and rotary serial arm movements aimed at a target. A total of six experienced marijuana users served as subjects and three drug conditions (dose levels) were used, i.e., 0, 6.5, and 19.5–26.0 mg δ-THC. The results showed that (a) (simple and complex) reaction time was not significantly affected by marijuana or by the interaction between drug conditions and the amount of information transmitted during the task, (b) linear movement time was significantly reduced after smoking marijuana, while rotary movement time was not significantly affected, (c) interaction between drug conditions and task complexity was insignificant in the case of both linear and rotary movements, and (d) error rates for the two types of motor movements increased significantly and especially for linear movements as the dose level increased.

From Simple to Complex or Vice Versa: Sequence Effects on the Detection of Embedded Figures

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
I Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Sequence Effects ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

In a series of studies concerning part - whole perception we have investigated effects of perceptual learning, and of systematically varied presentation orders on the detection of embedded figures. In the present study the effects of increasing and decreasing complexity orders on detection performance are reported. Stimuli were 170 pairs of whole and part figures. Half of them were positive items, ie the searched part was contained in the (simultaneously presented) whole. The other half were negative items, ie the searched part was not contained in the whole. The difficulty of all figure pairs was determined from earlier data. On the basis of these difficulty parameters three presentation orders were created: (1) increasing difficulty (from simple to complex), (2) decreasing difficulty (from complex to simple), and (3) randomised order. Sixty subjects performed each of these tasks in three sessions separated by one week. Effects of practice and samples were balanced by permutating the order of the three tasks. The reaction times and error rates for all presentations were registered. The results showed marked differences between the three tasks: The lowest mean reaction time was obtained in the presentation order with increasing difficulty. Error rate, on the other hand, was lowest in the decreasing-difficulty presentation order. For the random-order presentation error rate and reaction time was in between the other orders. Furthermore, differences in benefit from practice were observed between the three orders of difficulty. Results are discussed with respect to the question of how efficient search strategies may be learned and whether one can learn to bend the rules of Gestalt organisation if required.

Contextual Effects on Choice Reaction Time and Accuracy in Acute and Chronic Schizophrenics Impairment in Selective Attention or in the Influence of Prior Learning?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Jones ◽  
David R. Hemsley ◽  
Jeffrey A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Cue Validity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Normal Controls

Two hypotheses were tested concerning the nature of the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: (a) that there is a broadening of selective attention; and (b) that there is an impairment in associational learning. RDC-diagnosed acute and chronic schizophrenics and normal controls carried out a choice reaction time (RT) task in which conflict between the correct response to a target (a letter in the centre of a computer screen) and that cued by simultaneously presented flankers (two letters either side of the target) increased RT. For 80 (‘valid’) trials, flankers and targets were consistent in the response cued (pressing a button with either left or right hand); on 8 (‘invalid’) trials they conflicted. On invalid trials there was a slowing of RT, and an increase of errors for left-hand responses. Chronic schizophrenics showed the same reactions to cue validity as normal controls, both groups differing significantly from acute schizophrenics. For the latter, the RT data supported hypothesis (b), but the error rates appeared to support hypothesis (a).

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