scholarly journals Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Barclay ◽  
Susan Rowley ◽  
Anna Robson ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Andriy Myachykov
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Homeostat ◽  
Normal Sleep

Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is understudied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by (a) individual differences in sleep duration, (b) sleep duration variability, and/or (c) their interaction. A total of 57 healthy participants (61.4% female, Mage = 32.37 years, SD = 8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for 1 week, and subsequently completed the attention network test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score, or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = –.34, t = –2.13, p = .04) and alerting scores (β = .43, t = 2.94, p = .01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β = .35, t = 2.96, p = .01), chronotype of orienting (β = .31, t = 2.28, p = .03), and age of overall reaction time (β = .35, t = 2.70, p = .01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep–wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition.

scholarly journals Evening intake of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine: night-to-night associations with sleep duration and continuity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Spadola ◽  
Na Guo ◽  
Dayna A Johnson ◽  
Tamar Sofer ◽  
Suzanne M Bertisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Predominantly Female

Abstract Study Objectives We examined the night-to-night associations of evening use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine with actigraphically estimated sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) among a large cohort of African American adults. Methods Participants in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study underwent wrist actigraphy for an average of 6.7 nights and completed concurrent daily sleep diary assessments to record any consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine within 4 hours of bedtime. Linear mixed-effect models were fit and adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, body mass index, depression, anxiety, stress, and having work/school the next day. Results Eligible participants (n = 785) were an average of 63.7 years (SD: 10.6), and were predominantly female (67.9%). There were 5164 days of concurrent actigraphy and sleep diary data. Evening alcohol use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency (−0.98% [95% CI: −1.67% to −0.29%], p = 0.005), but not with WASO or sleep duration. Evening nicotine use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency [1.74% (95% CI: −2.79 to −0.68), p = 0.001] and 6.09 minutes higher WASO ([95% CI: 0.82 to 11.35], p = 0.02), but was not associated with sleep duration. Evening caffeine use was not associated with any of the sleep parameters. Conclusion Nicotine and alcohol use within 4 hours of bedtime were associated with increased sleep fragmentation in the associated night, even after controlling for multiple potential confounders. These findings support the importance of sleep health recommendations that promote the restriction of evening alcohol and nicotine use to improve sleep continuity.

scholarly journals Sleep and Performance during a Preseason in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4612
Author(s):  
Angus R. Teece ◽  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Nicholas Gill ◽  
Martyn Beaven ◽  
Ian C. Dunican ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
H 30

Background: Preseason training optimises adaptations in the physical qualities required in rugby union athletes. Sleep can be compromised during periods of intensified training. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between sleep quantity and changes in physical performance over a preseason phase in professional rugby union athletes. Methods: Twenty-nine professional rugby union athletes (Mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 years) had their sleep duration monitored for 3 weeks using wrist actigraphy. Strength and speed were assessed at baseline and at week 3. Aerobic capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, at week 3 and at week 5. Participants were stratified into 2 groups for analysis: <7 h 30 min sleep per night (LOW, n = 15) and >7 h 30 min sleep per night (HIGH, n = 14). Results: A significant group x time interaction was determined for aerobic capacity (p = 0.02, d = 1.25) at week 3 and for skinfolds at week 3 (p < 0.01, d = 0.58) and at week 5 (p = 0.02, d = 0.92), in favour of the HIGH sleep group. No differences were evident between groups for strength or speed measures (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that longer sleep duration during the preseason may assist in enhancing physical qualities including aerobic capacity and body composition in elite rugby union athletes.

scholarly journals The effect of depressive symptomatology on the association of vitamin D and sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mergl ◽  
Ezgi Dogan-Sander ◽  
Anja Willenberg ◽  
Kerstin Wirkner ◽  
Jürgen Kratzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Adult Study ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Background Sleep disorders and vitamin D deficiency are highly prevalent health problems. Few studies examined the effect of vitamin D concentrations on objectively measured sleep with high methodological quality and temporal proximity. Previous analysis within the LIFE-Adult-Study suggested that a lower concentration of serum vitamin D was associated with both shorter and later night sleep. However, no conclusion about underlying mechanisms could be drawn. We addressed the question whether this relationship is explained by the presence of depressive syndromes, which are linked to both vitamin D deficiency and sleep disturbances. Methods It was investigated whether the association of vitamin D concentrations and night sleep parameters is mediated or moderated by depressive symptomatology. We investigated a subset (n = 1252) of the community sample from the LIFE-Adult-Study, in which sleep parameters had been objectively assessed using actigraphy, based on which two sleep parameters were calculated: night sleep duration and midsleep time. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Depressive symptomatology was evaluated with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The mediation effect was analyzed by using Hayes’ PROCESS macro tool for SPSS for Windows. Results The depressive symptomatology was neither significantly associated with night sleep duration nor midsleep time. The associations between vitamin D concentrations and night sleep duration/midsleep time through mediation by depressive symptomatology were not significant. Corresponding moderator analyses were also non-significant. Conclusion The associations between vitamin D concentrations and night sleep parameters (sleep duration and midsleep time) seem to be neither mediated nor moderated by depressive symptomatology.

scholarly journals Sleep Indices and Cardiac Autonomic Activity Responses during an International Tournament in a Youth National Soccer Team

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2076
Author(s):  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Júlio Costa ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
João Morais ◽  
João Brito
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

This study aimed to describe habitual sleep and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity (CAA), and their relationship with training/match load in male youth soccer players during an international tournament. Eighteen elite male youth soccer players (aged 14.8 ± 0.3 years; mean ± SD) participated in the study. Sleep indices were measured using wrist actigraphy, and heart rate (HR) monitors were used to measure CAA during night-sleep throughout 5 consecutive days. Training and match loads were characterized using the session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE). During the five nights 8 to 17 players slept less than <8 h and only one to two players had a sleep efficiency <75%. Players’ sleep duration coefficient of variation (CV) ranged between 4 and 17%. Nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) indices for the time-domain analyses ranged from 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.6; 4.0) to 4.1 ln[ms] (3.9; 4.3) and for the frequency-domain analyses ranged from 5.9 (5.6; 6.5) to 6.6 (6.3; 7.4). Time-domain HRV CV ranged from 3 to 10% and frequency-domain HRV ranged from 2 to 12%. A moderate within-subjects correlation was found between s-RPE and sleep duration [r = −0.41 (−0.62; −0.14); p = 0.003]. The present findings suggest that youth soccer players slept less than the recommended during the international tournament, and sleep duration was negatively associated with training/match load.

Evaluating Options for CRT Display of Process Trend Data

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Koch ◽  
Thomas R. Edman ◽  
R. Kim Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Nuclear Control ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Main Effects

Effectiveness of colorgraphics CRT-based process trend display formats was evaluated by manipulating time scale orientation and time directionality. Performance was assessed in terms of reaction time and accuracy in responding to questions representative of process control task scenarios. Reaction time analyses reveal no main effects of time orientation or directionality, but a reliable orientation-directionality interaction effect is present. This interaction supports the conclusion that more rapid interpretation of trend is associated with x-axis time orientation progressing away from the origin and with y-axis time orientation progressing toward the origin. Error rates were nearly equivalent among the format types and supported no further discrimination among them. The findings have implications for the design of trend displays in applications such as nuclear control room, petrochemical processing, and load management.

Longitudinal association of actigraphy-assessed sleep with physical growth in the first 6 months of life

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Sebastien Haneuse ◽  
Michael Rueschman ◽  
Emily R Kaplan ◽  
Xinting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Suboptimal sleep is associated with obesity and its sequelae in children and adults. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep and physical growth in infants who experience rapid changes in sleep/wake patterns. We examined the longitudinal association of changes in objectively assessed sleep/wake patterns with changes in growth between ages 1 and 6 months. Methods We studied 298 full-term infants in the longitudinal Rise & SHINE cohort study. Changes from 1 and 6 months in nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and number of waking bouts ≥5 min were assessed using ankle actigraphy. Overweight was defined as age- and sex-specific weight for length ≥95th percentile. Generalized estimating equation analyses adjusted for infants′ and mothers′ characteristics. Results The mean (SD) birth weight was 3.4 (0.4) kg; 48.7% were boys. In multivariable adjusted models, each 1-h increase in nighttime sleep duration between months 1 and 6 was associated with a 26% decrease in the odds of overweight from 1 to 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.56, 0.98]). Each 1-unit decrease in number of waking bouts was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of overweight (OR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.72, 0.98]). Changes in WASO were not associated with the odds of overweight. Conclusions Greater increases in nighttime sleep duration and more consolidation of nighttime sleep were associated with lower odds of overweight from 1 to 6 months. Adverse sleep patterns as early as infancy may contribute to excess adiposity.

142 Prenatal Sleep Quality and Infant Sleep: A Longitudinal Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A58-A59
Author(s):  
Rebecca Burdayron ◽  
Marie-Helene Pennestri ◽  
Elizabeth Keys ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽  
Gerald Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy and can increase the risk of adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. Existing research on the association between prenatal sleep and infant sleep is scarce and has focused on other aspects of prenatal sleep such as sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether maternal sleep quality during pregnancy was prospectively associated with infant sleep dimensions, independent of relevant covariates. Methods Participants were a subset of 272 mother-infant dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study. Maternal prenatal sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early to mid- (M gestational age = 15.12 ± 3.56 weeks) and late- (M gestational age = 32.44 ± 0.99 weeks) pregnancy. Mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. The following infant sleep parameters were assessed: sleep duration (day, night, 24-hour), number of night awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. Prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at both pregnancy time points. Other covariates included maternal age at enrollment, infant age, parity, and co-sleeping status. Results Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models revealed that poorer maternal sleep quality during early-to-mid pregnancy did not significantly predict infant sleep parameters after adjustment for covariates (p &gt; .05). However, in late pregnancy, poorer maternal sleep quality significantly predicted shorter 24-hour sleep duration and longer wake after sleep onset, but not daytime sleep duration, nighttime sleep duration, and number of night awakenings (p &lt; .05). Conclusion Study findings advance our understanding of the prospective link between maternal prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep. Results indicate that maternal sleep quality during late gestation may play a role in the development of infant sleep patterns. These findings have important implications for intervention efforts targeting maternal sleep quality during pregnancy. Future research should use objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, to better elucidate the effects of prenatal sleep quality on infant sleep outcomes. Support (if any) The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

scholarly journals Delayed Lactogenesis II is Associated With Lower Sleep Efficiency and Greater Variation in Nightly Sleep Duration in the Third Trimester

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Theresa Casey ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Jennifer Crodian ◽  
Shelley Dowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Background: Metabolic and hormonal disturbances are associated with sleep disturbances and delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Research aims: The aim of this study was to measure sleep using wrist actigraphy during gestation weeks 22 and 32 to determine if sleep characteristics were associated with blood glucose, body mass index, gestational related disease, delayed onset of lactogenesis II, or work schedule. Methods: Demographic data were collected at study intake from primiparous women who wore a wrist actigraph during gestation weeks 22 ( n = 50) and 32 ( n = 44). Start and end sleep time, total nighttime sleep, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation were measured. Night to night variability was assessed with the root mean square of successive difference. Blood glucose levels, body mass index, and gestational disease data were abstracted from medical charts. Timing of lactogenesis II was determined by survey. Results: Between gestation week 22 and 32, sleep efficiency decreased and fragmentation increased ( p < .05). During gestation week 32, blood glucose was negatively correlated with sleep duration, and positively related to fragmentation ( p < .05). Women who experienced delayed lactogenesis II had lower sleep efficiency and greater fragmentation ( p < .05), and greater night-to-night variability in sleep start and end time, efficiency, and duration during gestation week 32 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Women with better sleep efficiency and more stable nightly sleep time are less likely to experience delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Interventions to improve sleep may improve maternal health and breastfeeding adequacy.

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