scholarly journals Response-term predictability and stimulus-response conceptual similarity in paired-associates learning

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-246
Author(s):  
J. D. Read ◽  
Sam C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Response Term ◽  
Conceptual Similarity ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Paired Associates

Effects of Type of Recall Test and Spaced Presentations of Stimulus Terms, Response Terms and Stimulus-Response Terms on Retention in Paired-Associate Learning

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. C. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Response Term ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Stimulus Term ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Reinforcement Interval ◽  
Delay Of Reinforcement ◽  
Term Response

The present experiment tested the effects of reinforcement type (stimulus term, response term, and stimulus-response pairs) and type of recall-retention test (stimulus type or response type) as between- S variables and delay-of-reinforcement interval as a within- S variable on retention in paired-associate learning. The analysis showed that type of reinforcement and delay-of-reinforcement interval resulted in significant effects. Type of recall-retention test was not significant and interactions were nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Stimulus-response durations in paired-associates learning

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Baumeister ◽  
William F. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Paired Associates

Recognition of Paired-Associates is Not Necessarily Contingent on Stimulus-Recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-650
Author(s):  
Roy B. Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stimulus Configuration ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Visual Coding ◽  
Stimulus Recognition

The major purpose of this investigation was to test the association-activation hypothesis in paired-associate learning through the administration of separate stimulus and stimulus-response recognition tests following moderate acquisition of a paired-associate list. Of incerest also were stimulus configuration and meaningfulness of number of stimuli. Results were clearly nonsupportive of the activation hypothesis since a significantly above-chance proportion of stimulus-response pairs was correctly recognized directly after nonrecognition of the respective stimulus-only members of the pairs occurred. Further, stimulus configuration was not statistically reliable, thereby offering presumptive evidence that visual coding of information is ineffective in a long-term memory task. Stimuli high in meaningfulness were more effective than those low in meaningfulness both during list-acquisition and in the stimulus-recognition test phase.

Influences of different combinations of conceptual, perceptual, and structural similarity on stimulus-response compatibility

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Proctor ◽  
Huifang Wang ◽  
Kim-Phuong L. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Response Compatibility ◽  
Element Level ◽  
Conceptual Similarity ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Stimulus Response Compatibility

This study evaluated the hypothesis that an increase in set-level stimulus-response compatibility produces facilitation for congruent mappings and interference for incongruent mappings. The degree of set-level compatibility was manipulated by varying combinations of conceptual, perceptual, and structural similarity. Experiment 1 varied perceptual similarity, by combining two stimulus codes (spatial, verbal) with two response modalities (manual, vocal) for orthogonal spatial dimensions, which have structural similarity. The element-level mapping effect did not vary as a function of the code-modality relation, in contrast to findings obtained with parallel spatial dimensions, which also have conceptual similarity. Experiment 2 manipulated combinations of conceptual and perceptual similarity by combining vertical and horizontal stimulus and response orientations, using verbal or spatial stimuli and vocal responses. The element-level mapping effect was larger for parallel than orthogonal orientations, with congruent mappings showing facilitation and incongruent mappings showing interference. The largest effect was facilitation for parallel orientations with the verbal-vocal set, consistent with the view that perceptual similarity contributes to performance primarily when responding with the identity of the stimulus. Our results indicate that conceptual similarity, but not perceptual similarity, produces the facilitation/interference pattern suggestive of automatic activation of the corresponding response regardless of mapping.

scholarly journals Identification of circularRNAs and their targets in Gossypium under Verticillium wilt stress based on RNA-seq

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuxin Xiang ◽  
Chaowei Cai ◽  
Jieru Cheng ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Chaofeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Response Term ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Segment Substitution

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of recently discovered non-coding RNAs, play a role in biological and developmental processes. A recent study showed that circRNAs exist in plants and play a role in their environmental stress responses. However, cotton circRNAs and their role in Verticillium wilt response have not been identified up to now. In this study, two CSSLs (chromosome segment substitution lines) of G.barbadense introgressed into G. hirsutum, CSSL-1 and CSSL-4 (a resistant line and a susceptible line to Verticillium wilt, respectively), were inoculated with V. dahliae for RNA-seq library construction and circRNA analysis. A total of 686 novel circRNAs were identified. CSSL-1 and CSSL-4 had similar numbers of circRNAs and shared many circRNAs in common. However, CSSL-4 differentially expressed approximately twice as many circRNAs as CSSL-1, and the differential expression levels of the common circRNAs were generally higher in CSSL-1 than in CSSL-4. Moreover, two C-RRI comparisons, C-RRI-vs-C-RRM and C-RRI-vs-C-RSI, possessed a large proportion (approximately 50%) of the commonly and differentially expressed circRNAs. These results indicate that the differentially expressed circRNAs may play roles in the Verticillium wilt response in cotton. A total of 280 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified. A Gene Ontology analysis showed that most of the ‘stimulus response’ term source genes were NBS family genes, of which most were the source genes from the differentially expressed circRNAs, indicating that NBS genes may play a role in Verticillium wilt resistance and might be regulated by circRNAs in the disease-resistance process in cotton.

The Effect of Real-Time Feedback Using a Smartwatch on the Clinical Behavior of Novice Student Clinicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Courtney G. Scott ◽  
Trina M. Becker ◽  
Kenneth O. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Computer Monitors

The use of computer monitors to provide technology-based written feedback during clinical sessions, referred to as “bug-in-the-eye” (BITi) feedback, recently emerged in the literature with preliminary evidence to support its effectiveness (Carmel, Villatte, Rosenthal, Chalker & Comtois, 2015; Weck et al., 2016). This investigation employed a single-subject, sequential A-B design with two participants to observe the effects of implementing BITi feedback using a smartwatch on the clinical behavior of student clinicians (SCs). Baseline and treatment data on the stimulus-response-consequence (S-R-C) contingency completion rates of SCs were collected using 10 minute segments of recorded therapy sessions. All participants were students enrolled in a clinical practicum experience in a communication disorders and sciences (CDS) program. A celeration line, descriptive statistics, and stability band were used to analyze the data by slope, trend, and variability. Results demonstrated a significant correlative relationship between BITi feedback with a smartwatch and an increase in positive clinical behaviors. Based on qualitative interviews and exit rating scales, SCs reported BITi feedback was noninvasive and minimally distracting. Preliminary evidence suggests BITi feedback with a smartwatch may be an effective tool for providing real-time clinical feedback.

A stimulus-response social psychology?

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078-1078
Author(s):  
Todd D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Stimulus Response

Stimulus/response: Let's take another look at punishment

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Response
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