scholarly journals The reinforcing signal as a conditioned stimulus in human operant discrimination training

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Howard B. Orenstein ◽  
Donald A. Schumsky ◽  
Thomas Roth ◽  
John Trinder
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Human Operant ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Operant Discrimination Training

Operant discrimination training to establish praise as a reinforcer

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Lugo ◽  
Therese L. Mathews ◽  
Melissa L. King ◽  
John C. Lamphere ◽  
Ana M. Damme
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Operant Discrimination Training

Effects of operant discrimination training on the vocalizations of nonverbal children with autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Lepper ◽  
Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir ◽  
Barbara E. Esch
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Operant Discrimination Training ◽  
Nonverbal Children

Multiple operant discrimination training to increase the precision of stimulus deltas following treatment of challenging behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lambert ◽  
Mallory E. Lamers ◽  
Bailey A. Copeland ◽  
Ipshita Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Operant Discrimination Training

Effects of CS-US Interval on Unconditioned Response Diminution in Human Heart Rate Classical Conditioning

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Redondo ◽  
José L. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Unconditioned Response ◽  
Training Phase

Abstract This experiment studies the role of the conditioned response (CR) in explaining the unconditioned response (UR) diminution phenomenon in heart rate (HR) classical conditioning. In order to analyze the implication of the different CR components on UR diminution, the interstimulus interval (ISI) was varied. Sixty volunteer subjects received discrimination training with an interval between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US; aversive white noise) of 8 s. After the discrimination training phase, subjects were randomized into three different groups according to an ISI of 1, 5, or 8 s. The subjects of each group were then tested with five presentations of CS+/US. The results showed that UR amplitude as well as the deceleration immediately before this response (pre-UR deceleration) were significantly lower in the 5 s and 8 s ISI groups than in the 1 s ISI group. In addition, UR amplitude and pre-UR deceleration were statistically the same in the 5 s and 8 s ISI groups. These findings are discussed in terms of the adaptative role of the CR in classical conditioning.

scholarly journals Reducing Generalization of Conditioned Fear: Beneficial Impact of Fear Relevance and Feedback in Discrimination Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Herzog ◽  
Marta Andreatta ◽  
Kristina Schneider ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Katharina Domschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Training Discrimination ◽  
Safety Signals

Anxiety patients over-generalize fear, possibly because of an incapacity to discriminate threat and safety signals. Discrimination trainings are promising approaches for reducing such fear over-generalization. Here we investigated the efficacy of a fear-relevant vs. a fear-irrelevant discrimination training on fear generalization and whether the effects are increased with feedback during training. Eighty participants underwent two fear acquisition blocks, during which one face (conditioned stimulus, CS+), but not another face (CS−), was associated with a female scream (unconditioned stimulus, US). During two generalization blocks, both CSs plus four morphs (generalization stimuli, GS1–GS4) were presented. Between these generalization blocks, half of the participants underwent a fear-relevant discrimination training (discrimination between CS+ and the other faces) with or without feedback and the other half a fear-irrelevant discrimination training (discrimination between the width of lines) with or without feedback. US expectancy, arousal, valence ratings, and skin conductance responses (SCR) indicated successful fear acquisition. Importantly, fear-relevant vs. fear-irrelevant discrimination trainings and feedback vs. no feedback reduced generalization as reflected in US expectancy ratings independently from one another. No effects of training condition were found for arousal and valence ratings or SCR. In summary, this is a first indication that fear-relevant discrimination training and feedback can improve the discrimination between threat and safety signals in healthy individuals, at least for learning-related evaluations, but not evaluations of valence or (physiological) arousal.

Effects of discrimination training on responding during a compound conditioned stimulus.

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Jan Adam ◽  
Paul N. Wilson ◽  
Richard J. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Compound Conditioned Stimulus

Factors Influencing Electrophysiologic Responsivity in Normal Adults

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin RosenblÜt
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
White Light ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Normal Adults

Electrodermal and electroencephalic responsivity to sound and to light was studied in 96 normal-hearing adults in three separate sessions. The subjects were subdivided into equal groups of white men, white women, colored men, and colored women. A 1 000 cps pure tone was the conditioned stimulus in two sessions and white light was used in a third session. Heat was the unconditioned stimulus in all sessions. Previously, an inverse relation had been found in white men between the prominence of alpha rhythm in the EEG and the ease with which electrodermal responses could be elicited. This relation did not hold true for white women. The main purpose of the present study was to answer the following questions: (1) are the previous findings on white subjects applicable to colored subjects? (2) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive electrophysiologically on one day equally responsive (or unresponsive) on another day? and (3) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive to sound equally responsive (or unresponsive) to light? In general, each question was answered affirmatively. Other factors influencing responsivity were also studied.

Response and Reinforcement in Operant Audiometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Primus
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Space Versus ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Conditioning Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
Variable Success ◽  
Response Task

Variable success in audiometric assessment of young children with operant conditioning indicates the need for systematic examination of commonly employed techniques. The current study investigated response and reinforcement features of two operant discrimination paradigms with normal I7-month-old children. Findings indicated more responses prior to the onset of habituation when the response task was based on complex central processing skills (localization and coordination of auditory/visual space) versus simple detection. Use of animation in toy reinforcers resulted in more than a twofold increase in the number of subject responses. Results showed no significant difference in response conditioning rate or consistency for the response tasks and forms of reinforcement examined.

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