scholarly journals Complications of Intramedullary Blocking Osteosynthesis of Bones of Limbs and Ways to Prevent Them

Author(s):  
A.B. Mansyrov ◽  
V.O. Lytovchenko ◽  
Ye.V. Gariachyi

Summary. The main condition for preventing complications of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of long bones is following the tactical and technical principles of osteosynthesis and conscious rejection of such surgical techniques and manipulations that can lead to disturbances of the course of reparative processes of bone tissue. Objective. On the basis of the study and summary of the identified complications of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures of bones of limbs, to determine ways to prevent complications of the reparation. Materials and Methods. The results of treatment of 403 patients who underwent intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of the femur, tibia and humerus types A1-A3, B1–B3 and C2 by AO/ASIF were studied and analyzed. Results. Analyzing the technological complications that we have divided, depending on the consequences they led to, early (up to 2 weeks after surgery), late (2 weeks after surgery) and reparative, we found that the most common technological mistakes were incorrect preoperative planning and disruption of technology and surgery, which in 21.6% of cases led to instability of bone fragments in the fracture area, and the absence or disruption of recovery and rehabilitation of patients, which occurred in 26.3% of cases. Disorders of osteosynthesis technology, namely, significant intra-operative traumatization of bone fragments and soft tissues, and non-eliminated soft tissue interposition resulted in inappropriate consolidation of bone fragments in 39% and 13%, respectively. The main cause of reparative complications was bone marrow drilling, which was performed for 56% of the patients with delayed consolidation of bone fragments, 56.3% of the patients with false joints, and 48% of the patients with bone fractures. Conclusions. Strict following the tactical and technical principles of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis and rejection of bone marrow drilling without indications will reduce the incidence of bone dysregeneration. The study of the effect of bone marrow drilling on reparative bone regeneration in intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis is actual and needs further deep analysis.

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Asif Baglar ogly Mansyrov ◽  
Viktor Lytovchenko ◽  
Yevgeniy Garyachiy ◽  
Andriy Lytovchenko

The object of the study: clinical effect of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of fractures of the bones of the extremities without reaming of the bone marrow canal. The problem to be solved: determination of the influence of surgical technology of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of bone fractures without reaming of the bone marrow canal on the qualitative and anatomical and functional results of treatment. Main scientific results. The term of fusion of bone fragments in complete groups (including all localizations) in the group of patients who underwent surgery with reaming of the bone marrow canal was 4.21±0.46 months, while in the group without reaming of the canal it was much shorter – 3.47±0.51 months Faster functional recovery of the limbs was also observed in cases that precluded bone marrow reaming – 96 % of good and 4 % satisfactory scores were obtained (80 % good and 20 % satisfactory in bone marrow reaming). The technology of closed intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis without reaming of the bone marrow can optimize the time of fusion of bone fragments and get 91 % good and 9 % satisfactory results. Its effectiveness is to reduce the number of satisfactory treatment results by 19 %, the absence of unsatisfactory and increase the share of good results by 23 %. The area of practical use of research results: clinics of traumatological profile of different levels, in which surgical treatment of fractures of the bones of the extremities are done. An innovative technological product: technology of closed intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis without reaming of the bone marrow canal. The area of application of an innovative technological product: clinical practice of using the technology of closed intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis without reaming of the bone marrow canal.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
A.B.Ogly Mansyrov ◽  
V. Lytovchenko ◽  
M. Berezka ◽  
Ye. Garyachiy ◽  
Rami A.F. Almasri

COMPLICATIONS IN BLOCKING INTRAMEDULLARY OSTEOSYNTHESIS (review) Mansyrov A.B. Ogly, Lytovchenko V., Berezka M., Garyachiy Ye., Rami A.F. Almasri Treatment of diaphyseal bone fractures is a complicated, controversial and ambiguous task. Blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis, which became the standard of treatment, is also not perfect and accompanied by a number of complications. The reasons for their occurrence are connected both with defects in the organization of treatment of patients, and with tactical mistakes, the definition, generalization and prevention of which became the purpose of our study. It was found that typical tactical mistakes were: use of the method against the indications, non-compliance with the technology of blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis and the use of unsubstantiated and inadequate "proprietary methods", making their own "modifications" during the surgery and changing the course of operative intervention, excessive drilling of the bone marrow canal, significant intraoperative traumatism of bone fragments and surrounding soft tissues, incorrect type of lock or timely unfulfilled dynamization, lack of consistency and restorative and rehabilitative treatment. But the most negative effect on the anatomical recovery of the bone and functional recovery of the extremity was the bone marrow canal drilling, performed without the corresponding indications and technical disadvantages. It is obvious that the violation of the endostosis of the endostal negative effect on the reparative capabilities of bone tissue, inhibits the process of bone grafting and delay recovery. Therefore, there is no doubt that the further study of the effect of bone marrow duct penetration in the course of reparative osteogenesis is relevant and appropriate. Key words: blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis, tactical mistakes, fracture, long bones, drilling.   Резюме. УСКЛАДНЕННЯ ІНТРАМЕДУЛЯРНОГО БЛОКУЮЧОГО ОСТЕОСИНТЕЗУ (огляд) Мансиров А.Б. Огли, Литовченко В.О., Березка М.І., Гарячий Є.В., Рами A.Ф. Аль-масри Лікування діафізарних переломів кісток кінцівок є складним, спірним та неоднозначним завданням. Інтрамедулярний блокуючий остеосинтез, який став стандартом їх лікування, також не позбавлений недоліків і супроводжується низкою ускладнень. Причини їх виникнення пов'язані як з дефектами організації лікування хворих, так і з тактичними помилками, визначення, узагальнення та попередження яких і стали метою нашого дослідження. Виявлено, що типовими тактичними помилками є використання методу проти показань, недотримання технології інтрамедулярного блокуючого остеосинтезу та використання необгрунтованих та неадекватних «авторських» методик, внесення власних «поправок» під час виконання операції та зміна ходу оперативного втручання, надлишкове розсвердлювання кістково-мозкового каналу, значна інтраопераційна травматизація кісткових уламків та оточуючих м'яких тканин, невірний тип блокування або вчасно невиконана динамізація, відсутність послідовності у відновному та реабілітаційному лікуванні. Але найбільш негативний вплив на анатомічне відновлення кістки та функціональне відновлення кінцівки мало розсвердлювання кістково-мозкового каналу, виконане без відповідних на те показань і з технічними недоліками. Очевидно, що порушення цілосності ендосту негативно впливає на репаративні можливості кісткової тканини, гальмує процес кісткового зрощення та відтерміновує одужання. Тому не викликає сумнівів, що подальше вивчення впливу розсвердлювання кістково-мозкового каналу на перебіг репаративного остеогенезу є актуальним та доцільним. Ключові слова: інтрамедулярний блоковий остеосинтез, тактичні помилки, перелом, довга кістка, розсвердлювання.   Резюме. ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ИНТРАМЕДУЛЛЯРНОГО БЛОКИРУЮЩЕГО ОСТЕОСИНТЕЗА (огляд) Мансыров А.Б. Оглы, Литовченко В.А., Березка Н.И., Гарячий Е.В., Рами A.Ф. Аль-масри Лечение диафизарных переломов костей конечностей является сложной, спорной и неоднозначной задачей. Интрамедуллярный блокирующий остеосинтез, который стал стандартом их лечения, также имеет недостатки и сопровождается рядом осложнений. Причины их возникновения связаны как с дефектами в организации лечения больных, так и с тактическими ошибками. Поэтому целью исследования было их определение, обобщение и пути предупреждения. Установлено, что типичными тактическими ошибками были: применение метода без показаний, нарушение его технологии и применение необоснованных и неадекватных «авторских» методик, внесение собственных «поправок» во время выполнения операции и изменение хода оперативного вмешательства, избыточное рассверливание костно-мозгового канала, значительная интраоперационная травматизация костных отломков и окружающих мягких тканей, неправильно выбранный тип блокирования или не вовремя выполненная динамизация, отсутствие преемственности в восстановительном и реабилитационном лечении. Однако наиболее негативное влияние на анатомическое восстановление кости и функциональное восстановление конечности имело рассверливание костно-мозгового канала, выполненное без соответствующих показаний и с техническими огрехами. Очевидно, что нарушение целостности эндоста негативно влияет на репаративные возможности костной ткани, тормозит процесс костного сращения и отдаляет выздоровление.Поэтому не вызывает сомнений, что дальнейшее изучение влияния рассверливания костно-мозгового канала на течение репаративного остеогенеза является актуальным и целесообразным. Ключевые слова: интрамедуллярный блокирующий остеосинтез, тактические ошибки, перелом, длинная кость, рассверливание.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Anton Khudyk ◽  
Sergey Grigorov

Background. Fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton, in particular the midface area, are one of the most frequent reasons for patients to apply to maxillofacial inpatient care, not only in Ukraine but also abroad. Along with more modern treatment technologies (osteosynthesis using titanium miniplates and minigrid for fixation bone fragments), methods of repositioning of fragments with subsequent tamponade of the maxillary sinus with iodoform tampon and without tamponade and fixation of fragments are used. A certain group of patients is treated conservatively, which is associated with their reluctance to undergo surgery, minimal displacement of fragments or minimal cosmetic and functional impairments. The purpose of the study. Comparative evaluation of the results of treatment of patients with fractures of the midface area by repositioning the fragments of the zygomatic-orbital complex without fixating the fragments and their subsequent fixation by tamponade of the maxillary sinus with iodoform tampon. Object and methods of research. The comparison was made of the results of treatment of 70 patients with fractures of the midface area, among which 13 patients were treated by the method of repositioning fragments of the zygomatic-orbital complex (ZOC) without fixation and without maxillary sinus tamponade, 29 patients underwent repositioning of ZOC fragments with subsequent fixation of fragments with iodoform tampon – the tamponade of the maxillary sinus was performed on the affected side. For comparison, the results of conservative treatment of 28 patients with fractures of the midface area were used. Results. It was found that the reliable (χ2=11.43; p<0.05) majority of patients (64%) sought treatment within 0-3 days after injury. 83-89% of patients who underwent repositioning of the fragments had fresh small-fragment fractures. The reliable (χ2=11.43; p<0.05) majority of them simultaneously had 3-4 sites of bone fractures of the midfacearea, hemosinus of varying degrees and paresthesia in the infraorbital area. In the majority of patients who underwent repositioning of bone fragments with and without tamponade (85% and 93%, respectively), the final displacements ranged from 3.1 to 6 mm. In patients treated conservatively, in most cases (93%) the displacements were greater than 3.1 mm, which remained after treatment. Conclusion. In the majority of patients treated with the studied methods, in the long term, the displacement of bone fragments remained, which had functional and cosmetic consequences. In all studied groups, a certain cosmetic effect was achieved over time, as evidenced by a reliable (χ2=160.9; p=0.00000) decrease in the indicator by the visual analogue scale .


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Alsmadi ◽  
N. V. Zagorodniy ◽  
E. I. Solod ◽  
A. F. Lazarev ◽  
M. A. Abdulkhabirov ◽  
...  

Аbctract. Treatment of long bones fractures of the extremities has a particular relevance in modern traumatology due to their high frequency, as well as a large number of deaths in patients with polytrauma. It is dangerous to perform an urgent final osteosynthesis in severe patients because of the possibility of shock and the deterioration of the condition of the injured. Therefore, the principle of Damage control with urgent fixation of damaged segments by external fixation and their subsequent replacement (converse) to intramedullary osteosynthesis had a particular relevance in the treatment of patients with long bones fractures. Purpose: Improving treatment outcomes for patients with long bones fractures. Materials and methods. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of using conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of 120 patients with long bones extremities fractures in a multidisciplinary hospital was carried out. For a better analysis of the results of treatment, we divided the patients into two groups: The first group 44 patients with fractures of the long bones with polytrauma according to the ISS severity scale> 17. The second group consists of 76 patients with closed isolated unstable comminuted fractures of the long bones with severe post-traumatic edema, who have a high risk of significant trauma of soft tissues. Results. The most optimal time for conversion osteosynthesis to patients with polytrauma was 7-12 days, which prevented the occurrence of traumatic shock; and for patients with closed isolated unstable fractures of long bones with significant of post-traumatic edema for conversion osteosynthesis, the optimal time was 3-7 days after injury, which prevented the occurrence of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period. Conclusion. The study confirmed the feasibility of conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of patients with diaphyseal fractures. The use of the technique of transferring the fixation of fragments by the external fixation device to the internal osteosynthesis (conversion) contributed to a reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment of patients with fractures of the long bones.


1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-459
Author(s):  
N. A. Kovalenko

Fractures of the shin bones are much more often than fractures of bones of other localization, complicated by the formation of false joints, constituting one of the main causes of primary disability in patients with traumatological profile. Early, low-traumatic and accurate reposition of fragments followed by stable immobilization significantly reduces the number of such complications.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
A. A. Koroleva ◽  
D. E. Vybornykh ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanskaya ◽  
S. O. Khrushchev ◽  
S. Yu. Fedorova ◽  
...  

Background. Combined injuries involving brain damage represent the most severe and life-threatening conditions in hemophilia patients. These injuries are characterised by specific situational and behavioural circumstances indicating the presence of victim behaviour in such patients.Aim. To analyse the influence of victim behaviour in hemophilia patients on the formation of combined neurosurgical trauma and the choice of neurosurgical and traumatological treatment approaches.Materials and methods. Twenty five patients (20 patients with hemophilia A and 5 patients with hemophilia B) were included in the study. The patients suffered the following injuries: craniocerebral injuries — 68 (100.0 %); bone fractures — 18 (26.6 %); hematomas of the soft tissues of the face, upper and lower extremities, as well as bruised, lacerated wounds — 50 (73.4 %).Results. The following types of victim behaviour were identified in the hemophilia patients: paranoid — 7 (28.0 %), dependent — 8 (32.0 %), dissociative — 6 (24.0 %) and antisocial — 4 (16.0 %). The patients underwent hemostatic therapy with coagulation factor VIII or IX concentrates and surgical (neurosurgical and/or traumatological) treatment of the injuries associated with victim behaviour. In 51 (75.0 %) cases there was delayed medical care, which was the reason for the complicated course of the post-traumatic period. It was revealed that the best treatment results in patients with severe injuries, including craniocerebral traumas, were achieved in cases where medical assistance was provided in the first three hours after injury. As a result of the treatment, the majority of the patients demonstrated regression of the clinical manifestations of the injury.Conclusions. The proposed tactics for the diagnosis and neurosurgical/traumatological treatment of hemophilia patients with signs of victim behaviour, in whom combined brain injuries are detected, includes a comprehensive assessment of medical history data, clinical and laboratory examination, as well as determination of diagnostic criteria for the choice of patient-specific surgical techniques. It is proposed to use the number of patients’ return visits related to their victim behaviour as a quantitative assessment of the degree of victimization.Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.


2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Andrianov ◽  
G. Tralman ◽  
R. Hõim ◽  
T. Haviko ◽  
A. Lenzner ◽  
...  

SummaryEfficacy of the rod-through-plate fixation for fracture repair was evaluated in six clinical cases of canine long bone fractures. This fixation incorporates principles of intramedullary and extramedullary osteosynthesis for transverse and short oblique fractures of long tubular bones. The plate-through-rod device is comprised of one pair of curved rods, a connecting plate and two bone screws. The connecting plate has both a hole and a channel on each end. Curved rods have a long curved part and a straight part with a hole in it for screw fixation. All components are made up of medical stainless steel. Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed from week seven to18 months after the operation. Functional abnormalities were not observed at this period in five patients and all fractures were healed. In one patient screw stripping in the proximal fragment of the femur was detected radiologically and minimal implant dislocation was noted at seven weeks after the initial repair. The rod-through-plate fixation method gives strong fixation of bone fragments with minimal traumatization of soft tissue during the operation. The design of the rod-through-plate is intended to reduce pressure of the plate on the cortex in the area of the fracture, whereas the dynamic fixation provided by the intramedullary rods may allow micromotion, thus stimulating callus formation and avoiding implant- induced osteoporosis. Clinical relevance: The rod-through-plate fixator has a simple construction and its use expands the treatment possibilities for diaphyseal fractures of long bones.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D. E. Kupkenov

Treatment results of 30 patients with diaphyseal fractures of shin bones are presented. All patients were treated by transosseus osteosynthesis tehnique with rod apparatus developed by author. Good outcome of treatment was received in 28 (93,3%) patients, satisfactory - in 2 (6,7%) in one - three years after operation. This method of treatment permits to perform a closed accurate reposition of bone fragments, to achieve the stable fixation for the whole period of treatment and to mobilize patients on second day after operation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Asif Baglar оgly Mansyrov ◽  
V.A. Litovchenko ◽  
N.I. Berezka ◽  
Ye.V. Gariachy

The complications of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures of the limb bones due to tactical errors, as well as ways of preventing them, have been identified and summarized. Typical tactical errors of intramedullary blocking osteosynthesis were: application of the method against indications, violation of the osteosynthesis technology and the use of inadequate «author’s» techniques, introduction of own intraoperative “corrections” and change of course of the surgical intervention, excessive reaming of the medullary canal, significant intraoperative trauma of bone fragments and soft tissues, the wrong type of blocking or untimely dynamization, lack of continuity in medical rehabilitation. The most negative impact on the anatomical restoration of the bone and the functional restoration of the limb has the reaming of the medullary canal, performed without appropriate indications and with technical errors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Bruna Martins Da Silva ◽  
Ivan Felismino Charas Dos Santos ◽  
Danuta Pulz Doiche ◽  
Maria Gabriela Picelli De Azevedo ◽  
David José De Castro Martins ◽  
...  

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days’ duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessionswere prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb.Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h’s duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, complete and simple fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and a surgical stabilization through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation with three polyamide nylon ties was performed.Seven days after the surgery were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted and he reported that the cat was supported the limb.Discussion: Adult dogs are more susceptible to diaphyseal fractures and so does the dog in the present report. On the other hand, young cats present high metaphyseal fracture rates due to the metaphyseal growth plate. However, the cat in the present report was different since it was 4-month-old and presented diaphyseal fracture. Different from steel cerclagewires, polyamide nylon ties were used as secondary fixation in diaphyseal fractures for the reason that of their stability in this kind of fracture, no tissue reaction and minimal tissue trauma. The adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 were already used in different surgical procedures in human patients and animals. Complications reported in the literature due to theiruse were associated with erroneous surgical techniques. Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 proved to be efficient as bone cerclage device in diaphyseal multiple and simple fracture, as well as gave stability to the herein assessed adult dog and young cat, besides not inducing foreign body reactions.Keywords: small animals, polyamide, bones, cerclage, surgery.


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