Every year more than 100 000 people need organ transplants and in 2009 there were only 20 139 deceased organ donors. Genetically modified swine may be able to fill this unmet clinical need. It is clear that multiple transgenes will be required to make porcine organs or cells compatible with human recipients. Efficiencies in production of xenotransplantation pigs could be gained if multiple transgenes could be sequentially stacked at a single locus. The larger purpose of this project is to evaluate a site-specific recombination system as a tool to sequentially add multiple transgenes to the porcine α galactosyltransferase (α1,3-Gal) locus. One xenotransplantion related transgene, human decay accelerating factor (hDAF), is likely to be a part of any successful project because hDAF can prevent acute rejection by deactivating the complement system. To generate transgenic pigs that express an hDAF transgene that is genetically linked to an α1,3-Gal disruption, an α1,3-gal gene targeting vector was constructed with homologous arms that were 4.8 kb (5′ arm) and 1.8 kb (3′ arm) and were derived from genomic sequence from intron 8 and exon 9 of the α-Gal locus. Within exon 9, an IRES-Neo cassette and a CAG-hDAF cassette were inserted. A Phi-C31 AttB site was also included in the construct to later receive additional transgenes via a site-specific recombination system. This vector (pBB7) is designed to utilise a promoter-trap strategy as a method of enrichment for targeting events. We hypothesised that further enrichment could be obtained by the addition of a negative selectable marker. The goal of the experiment presented here was to evaluate this hypothesis by adding a truncated diphtheria toxin cassette (TdT) to pBB7 as a negative selection directed against random integration events. Two additional plasmids were constructed that harbored TdT, pBB8.1 (single TdT addition) and pBB8.2 (addition of 2 TdT cassettes). Four treatments (Trt) were performed in triplicate: Trt1, pBB7; Trt2, pBB8.1; Trt3, pBB8.2; and Trt4, pBB7 co-transfected with TdT. Targeting efficiencies were 13.9, 11.1, 5.6, and 6.1%, respectively. Successful targeting was assessed by PCR with primers specific for a targeting event. The first pair of primers flanked the 5′ arm of the construct and the neomycin resistance gene cassette. The second pair of primers flanked the 3′ arm of the construct and hDAF gene cassette. Although all treatments produced targeting events at very high rates, TdT inclusion in the vector (1 or 2 copies) or as a co-transfectant did not further improve the promoter trap strategy. It is concluded that a negative selectable marker may not further improve the efficiencies provided by a promoter trap strategy.
Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica