Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background: Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) has been performed in rats as a model of global ischemia. However, the technique varied between laboratories and produced difficulties in the comparison of results. Variations such as rat strain, age, ischemic and reperfusion duration could affect the results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the variation of animal strains, duration of tBCCAO, reported cerebral ischemic area produced by tBCCAO, use of TTC staining for measurement of volume of brain ischemia and functional neurological tests. Method: The data of this review were obtained from abstracts in PubMed database and Google Scholars and were not limited by publication time. Keywords used to search the abstracts were (BCCAO OR “bilateral common carotid artery occlusion” OR “stroke” OR “cerebral ischemia” OR “brain ischemia”) AND (rat OR rats). The research method of each study was identified from the collected abstracts. The abstracts were chosen for further study on the basis that they met the inclusion criteria which were English language articles; original research article; animal model used were adolescent, adult, and elderly rats; ischemic finding in rats’ cerebrum by BCCAO technique was presented; ischemic size were assessed and the result was described; studies that had control group; and studies that induced transient global ischemic to the rats’ cerebrum. Data that were extracted to the datasheet were references; animal model strain; ischemic duration; reperfusion duration; ischemic area; 2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining; Cavalieri method; and rats’ neurological functional tests. Results and Conclusions: There were differences in the ischemic area between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after transient BCCAO. There were differences in the TTC staining solution concentration that was used to identify ischemic area of the brain following transient BCCAO. There was a very limited number of studies using Cavalieri method for the quantification of ischemic volume of rats’ brain after transient BCCAO. Neurological functional tests in animal models post transient BCCAO did not include sensory and memory functions tests. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.491-500

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Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for Improvement of Cerebral Ischemia: Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Rat Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-124520/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roza Azadi ◽

Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi ◽

Negar Motakef Kazemi ◽

Hasan Yousefi-Manesh ◽

Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Abstract Backgraound: Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in animal model. Material and Methods: Nano formulation was prepared by thin film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, rats were pretreated with drug (100 mg/kg) and nano drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and MDA levels were measured in the brain and the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations were examined. Result and discussion: Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles were 0.227, -22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Conclusion: Our clinical data show that treated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with stroke group and treated group with nano BBR in dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia.

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Cerebral ischemia following temorary bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in normotensive rats.

Nosotchu ◽

10.3995/jstroke.12.443 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 443-451

Author(s):

Seiko Ito ◽

Motonobu Kameyama ◽

Takashi Yoshimoto

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

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Anti-inflammatory efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for improvement of cerebral ischemia: formulation, characterization and evaluation in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.1186/s40360-021-00525-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roza Azadi ◽

Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi ◽

Negar Motakef Kazemi ◽

Hasan Yousefi-Manesh ◽

Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Abstract Background Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid that possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in the animal model. Material and methods Nano formulation was prepared by thin-film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, Wistar rats were pretreated with the drug (100 mg/kg) and nano-drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Then, on the fourteenth day, stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO); after that, Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin – 1 Beta (IL-1ß), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the supernatant of the whole brain, then the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations was examined. Result and discussion Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The Poly Dispersity Index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles was 0.227, − 22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Our outcomes of TNF-a, IL-1B, and MDA evaluation show a significant ameliorating effect of the Berberine (BBR) and BBR-loaded micelles in pretreated groups. Conclusion Our experimental data show that pretreated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with the stroke group and pretreated group with nano BBR in the dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with a lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, BBR-loaded micelle formulation could be a promising protective agent on cerebral ischemia.

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