scholarly journals Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

10.3791/58452 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Weiyi Ma ◽  
Likan Zhan ◽  
Huimin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Study Sentence

scholarly journals The pictures who shall not be named: Empirical support for benefits of preview in the Visual World Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 104279
Author(s):  
Keith S. Apfelbaum ◽  
Jamie Klein-Packard ◽  
Bob McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm

Visual World Paradigm Data: From Preprocessing to Nonlinear Time-Course Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Porretta ◽  
Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen ◽  
Jacolien van Rij ◽  
Juhani Järvikivi
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm

scholarly journals Priming Younger and Older Adults’ Sentence Comprehension: Insights from Dynamic Emotional Facial Expressions and Pupil Size Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nella Carminati ◽  
Pia Knoeferle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Positive Valence

Background: Prior visual-world research has demonstrated that emotional priming of spoken sentence processing is rapidly modulated by age. Older and younger participants saw two photographs of a positive and of a negative event side-by-side and listened to a spoken sentence about one of these events. Older adults’ fixations to the mentioned (positive) event were enhanced when the still photograph of a previously-inspected positive-valence speaker face was (vs. wasn’t) emotionally congruent with the event/sentence. By contrast, the younger adults exhibited such an enhancement with negative stimuli only. Objective: The first aim of the current study was to assess the replicability of these findings with dynamic face stimuli (unfolding from neutral to happy or sad). A second goal was to assess a key prediction made by socio-emotional selectivity theory, viz. that the positivity effect (a preference for positive information) displayed by older adults involves cognitive effort. Method: We conducted an eye-tracking visual-world experiment. Results: Most priming and age effects, including the positivity effects, replicated. However, against our expectations, the positive gaze preference in older adults did not co-vary with a standard measure of cognitive effort - increased pupil dilation. Instead, pupil size was significantly bigger when (both younger and older) adults processed negative than positive stimuli. Conclusion: These findings are in line with previous research on the relationship between positive gaze preferences and pupil dilation. We discuss both theoretical and methodological implications of these results.

scholarly journals The Comprehension of Counterfactual Conditionals: Evidence From Eye-Tracking in the Visual World Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Orenes ◽  
Juan A. García-Madruga ◽  
Isabel Gómez-Veiga ◽  
Orlando Espino ◽  
Ruth M. J. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Counterfactual Conditionals

Re-reconsidering the role of temporal order in spoken word recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2574-2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gregg ◽  
Albrecht W Inhoff ◽  
Cynthia M Connine
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Stimulus Materials

Spoken word recognition models incorporate the temporal unfolding of word information by assuming that positional match constrains lexical activation. Recent findings challenge the linearity constraint. In the visual world paradigm, Toscano, Anderson, and McMurray observed that listeners preferentially viewed a picture of a target word’s anadrome competitor (e.g., competitor bus for target sub) compared with phonologically unrelated distractors (e.g., well) or competitors sharing an overlapping vowel (e.g., sun). Toscano et al. concluded that spoken word recognition relies on coarse grain spectral similarity for mapping spoken input to a lexical representation. Our experiments aimed to replicate the anadrome effect and to test the coarse grain similarity account using competitors without vowel position overlap (e.g., competitor leaf for target flea). The results confirmed the original effect: anadrome competitor fixation curves diverged from unrelated distractors approximately 275 ms after the onset of the target word. In contrast, the no vowel position overlap competitor did not show an increase in fixations compared with the unrelated distractors. The contrasting results for the anadrome and no vowel position overlap items are discussed in terms of theoretical implications of sequential match versus coarse grain similarity accounts of spoken word recognition. We also discuss design issues (repetition of stimulus materials and display parameters) concerning the use of the visual world paradigm in making inferences about online spoken word recognition.

scholarly journals Experience with code-switching modulates the use of grammatical gender during sentence processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge R. Valdés Kroff ◽  
Paola E. Dussias ◽  
Chip Gerfen ◽  
Lauren Perrotti ◽  
M. Teresa Bajo
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
English Bilingual

Abstract Using code-switching as a tool to illustrate how language experience modulates comprehension, the visual world paradigm was employed to examine the extent to which gender-marked Spanish determiners facilitate upcoming target nouns in a group of Spanish-English bilingual code-switchers. The first experiment tested target Spanish nouns embedded in a carrier phrase (Experiment 1b) and included a control Spanish monolingual group (Experiment 1a). The second set of experiments included critical trials in which participants heard code-switches from Spanish determiners into English nouns (e.g., la house) either in a fixed carrier phrase (Experiment 2a) or in variable and complex sentences (Experiment 2b). Across the experiments, bilinguals revealed an asymmetric gender effect in processing, showing facilitation only for feminine target items. These results reflect the asymmetric use of gender in the production of code-switched speech. The extension of the asymmetric effect into Spanish (Experiment 1b) underscores the permeability between language modes in bilingual code-switchers.

scholarly journals Negation in context: Evidence from the visual world paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Orenes ◽  
Linda Moxey ◽  
Christoph Scheepers ◽  
Carlos Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm
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