scholarly journals A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

10.3791/61536 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar D. Borkar ◽  
Jonathan P. Fadok
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Behavioral Responses during a Conditioned Flight Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar D. Borkar ◽  
Mariia Dorofeikova ◽  
Quan-Son Eric Le ◽  
Rithvik Vutukuri ◽  
Catherine Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
The Face

AbstractFemales exhibit greater susceptibility to trauma- and stress-related disorders compared to males; therefore, it is imperative to study sex differences in the mode and magnitude of defensive responses in the face of threat. To test for sex differences in defensive behavior, we used a modified Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm that elicits clear transitions between freezing and flight behaviors within individual subjects. Female mice subjected to this paradigm exhibited higher percentages of freezing behavior compared to males, especially during the intertrial interval period. Female mice also exhibited more cued freezing in response to the conditioned stimuli in the last block of extinction training. Furthermore, there were sex differences in the expression of other adaptive behaviors during fear conditioning. Assaying rearing, grooming, and tail rattling behaviors during the conditioned flight paradigm yielded measurable differences across sessions and between males and females. Overall, these results provide insight into sex-dependent alterations in mouse behavior induced by fear conditioning.HighlightsMale and female mice do not differ in conditioned flight behavior.Female mice exhibit more freezing behavior.Rearing, self-grooming, and tail rattling behavior changes across days.Male mice exhibit more rearing and grooming behavior.Female mice exhibit more tail rattling behavior.

The Effects of MRNA synthesis in the Amygdala on the Acquisition and Reconsolidation of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Parsons ◽  
Georgette M. Gafford ◽  
Fred J. Helmstetter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Mrna Synthesis

The evaluation of Teucrium persicum methanolic extract and its fractions in Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Monsef Esfahani ◽  
M Sharifzadeh ◽  
M Moattari ◽  
A Miri ◽  
E Nasireslami
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

A cAMP analog reverses contextual and tone memory deficits induced by a PKA inhibitor in Pavlovian fear conditioning

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Nassireslami ◽  
Parmida Nikbin ◽  
Borna Payandemehr ◽  
Elham Amini ◽  
Mojdeh Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Camp Analog

scholarly journals Secondary extinction in Pavlovian fear conditioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drina Vurbic ◽  
Mark E. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Secondary Extinction

scholarly journals Nucleus reuniens is required for encoding and retrieving precise, hippocampal-dependent contextual fear memories in rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik R. Ramanathan ◽  
Reed L. Ressler ◽  
Jingji Jin ◽  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Contextual Memory ◽  
Nucleus Reuniens ◽  
Contextual Fear

AbstractThe nucleus reuniens (RE) is a ventral midline thalamic nucleus that interconnects the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). Considerable data indicate that HPC-mPFC circuits are involved in contextual and spatial memory; however, it is not clear whether the RE mediates the acquisition or retrieval of these memories. To examine this question, we inactivated the RE with muscimol before either the acquisition or retrieval of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats; freezing served as the index of fear. We found that RE inactivation before conditioning impaired the acquisition of contextual freezing, whereas inactivation of the RE prior to retrieval testing increased the generalization of freezing to a novel context; inactivation of the RE did not affect either the acquisition or expression of auditory fear conditioning. Interestingly, contextual conditioning impairments were absent when retrieval testing was also conducted after RE inactivation. Contextual memories acquired under RE inactivation were hippocampal-independent, insofar as contextual freezing in rats conditioned under RE inactivation was insensitive to intra-hippocampal infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist, D,L-amino-5-phosophonovaleric acid (APV). Together, these data reveal that the RE supports hippocampal-dependent encoding of precise contextual memories that allow discrimination of dangerous from safe contexts. When the RE is inactive, however, alternate neural systems acquire an impoverished contextual memory that is only expressed when the RE is offline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe midline thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) coordinates communication between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, brain areas critical for contextual and spatial memory. Here we show that temporary pharmacological inactivation of RE impairs the acquisition and precision of contextual fear memories after Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. However, inactivating the RE prior to retrieval testing restored contextual memory in rats conditioned after RE inactivation. Critically, we show that imprecise contextual memories acquired under RE inactivation are learned independently of the hippocampus. These data reveal that the RE is required for hippocampal-dependent encoding of precise contextual memories to support the discrimination of safe and dangerous contexts.

scholarly journals A delay and trace fear conditioning paradigm in humans: time-dependent effects of corticosteroids?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Cornelisse ◽  
Vanessa A. van Ast ◽  
Marian Joëls ◽  
Merel Kindt
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Trace Fear Conditioning ◽  
Trace Fear

scholarly journals Postural freezing relates to startle potentiation in a human fear‐conditioning paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. van Ast ◽  
Floris Klumpers ◽  
Raoul P. P. P. Grasman ◽  
Angelos‐Miltiadis Krypotos ◽  
Karin Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Startle Potentiation
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